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Good afternoon, everyone. May I have your attention, please?
I’m the chairman of the Students’ Union. As the New Year is around the corner(即将到来), we are going to hold a New Year party for you, which is intended to enable you to have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
During the party, not only can you sing a Chinese song, but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks. What’s more, you’ll learn at the party how to make dumplings. Sounds great. doesn’t it? The party is scheduled(计划于) in Room 101 of the Teaching Building from 6:00 . to 8:00 pm. next Friday.
Please make sure you won’t miss it. Thank you for your attention.
Dear Tony
I‘m li hua you invite me to read to the 4 great park. I am really excited, but there are some things I don’t know. I want to ask you some questions.
When shall we go to the park in the morning or in the afternoon if you can I want to go to park or 8 oclock because of in the morning the else is fresh And the waiter is so cool,Do you want to enjoy with after friends I think it interesting like the play together after that on the long. I‘d like to have a picnic with your what about you.
I look forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely
Li hua
关键词：商务英语；书面交际策略；特殊性；公事公办的持重感
中图分类号：H31 文献标识码：A
与普通英语相比，商务英语有什么特别之处？商务英语作为特殊用途英语，人们采用商务英语进行书面交际（应用文写作）有着什么特殊的、与其他文体不同的策略？下文拟对上述问题，特别是对作为商务英语书面交际策略的“公事公办的持重感”这一问题做一浅探。
一、“商务英语”的界定
商务英语不是一种独立的语言，它是英语的一种社会功能变体，“是商务环境中应用的英语……也就是已在从事或将要从事商务行业的专业人才所学习或应用的专门用途英语”\[1\]。或者说，它是一种包含了各种商务活动内容、适合商业需要的标准英语。在当今世界，国际间的商贸往来越来越频繁，国际经济贸易越来越趋向于全球化、一体化。在经贸全球化和一体化进程中，英语的重要地位将越发显现出来。“据统计，全世界16亿以英语为第一语言、第二语言或外语的人群中，几乎90%的人每天都在与商贸英语打交道”\[2\]。“人们在进行国际贸易、招商引资、技术引进等商务活动中，或在办理国际金融、对外劳务承包与合同、涉外保险、国际旅游、国际运输等商务事务时所使用的英语就是商务英语”\[3\]。
作为英语的一种社会功能变体，商务英语的语言形式和内容与商务知识有着密切的关系，或者说，商务英语所承载的是商务理论和商务实践等方面的信息，没有承载商务理论和商务实践等方面信息的英语就不是商务英语。
虽然商务英语源于普通英语并有着普通英语的语言学特征，但是，由于商务英语是专门用途英语，所以，它有着固定的篇章建构模式和言语程式，即：在用词造句、布局谋篇等方面有着与普通英语不同的语言修辞特征。
二、商务英语特殊的书面交际策略：公事公办的持重感
在国际商务交往中，人们通常采用商务信函、备忘录、商务报告等应用文形式进行商务英语书面交际。那么，商务英语应用文文体与其他文体相比有着什么特殊的书面交际策略呢？
（一）商务英语语境的特殊性
商务英语的语境是商务，它涉及到商贸活动的各个环节、各个场所。商贸活动牵涉面广，如金融、保险、运输、法律等，信函、传真、电邮、备忘录等商务英语书面交流伴随着商贸活动各个环节，贯穿商贸活动启动、开展和结束的全过程。十几年前还十分流行的电报电传，因编码解码过程繁琐、信息传递性能低下和麻烦耗时等缺陷，已逐渐被淘汰；取而代之的是用明语表达的方便快捷的电子邮件和电子传真。但其内核仍是传统的商务信函。从体裁和传播渠道看，商务英语语篇均不繁复冗长，而是简洁扼要。撰写商务英语应用文旨在解决商务中的具体事务，其中牵涉到业务磋商、索赔理赔等语用功能。最终目的是使商贸运作顺利并赢利。所以，商务英语应用文文体“范围十分广泛、庞杂，在长期使用过程中，根据事务的性质和应用的场合逐渐形成了若干固定的篇章格式，即固定的篇章结构形式和言语程式\[4\]。总体来说，商务英语应用文文体“重记实，少文饰”，崇尚简洁直白的语言表达风格。这也就是商务英语书面交际或商务英语应用文写作需要秉承并采取的相应策略——“公事公办的持重感”\[5\]。
（二）特殊的商务书面交际策略：“公事公办的持重感”
商务英语写作基本上属于公对公或企业与企业之间往来的应用文。因为有别于私人信函之类的应用文，所以，其写作语气、风格、方法就要求“公事公办”（Business is business.），“重记实、少文饰”。因此，人们在国际商务英语书面交际中相应地采取恰当而得体的策略——“公事公办的持重感”。可以毫不夸张地说，“公事公办的持重感”是商务英语书面交际需要采取的最重要的策略。例如：
1、We have pleasure in forwarding our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products.
上例表明，商务英语信函文体较正式，措辞比较庄重，倾向于使用像forward、await、anticipate、acknowledge这种“大字眼”和像forwarding our catalogue这样的名词化结构，来表现正式、庄重的文体。与英语相比，汉语多用文言词、半文言词和成语来表示正式文体，如“欣悉”、“候复”、“特此”、“贵方”、“敬请”等。英语使用古词和汉语使用文言词的这一特征在商贸合同中尤为显著，商务信函中也时有碰见。
假如对上例换一种说法：We are sending our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products，其中的单个动词are sending就有悖“语贵适境、文贵适体”的言语修辞原则。虽然撰写商务英语信函就应时时紧跟时代步伐，顺应时代潮流，尽量避免那些陈旧的令人晦涩难懂的商业行话或套话，努力选用那些自然亲切的通俗语言，但切不可想当然地认为，正式的商务信函就可像私人之间的信函和便函那样，随便使用那些语体随意的缩略词、省略句、俗语或俚语。比如，正式的商务信函就不可随意使用诸如IMHO（In my humble opinion）和FYR（For your reference）之类的缩略词语，也不可使用诸如catch a cold（亏本）和get some kind of a kick（感到刺激或）之类的俗语俚语，等等。
此外，为了显示“公事公办的持重感”，商务英语应用文写作，特别是索赔函、催款函、合同、商务报告等商务应用文文体，大量采用被动语态、名词化结构、名词性从句等尽量避免显现个人情感的客观性较强的语言形式。例如：
2、The tea should be packed in polybags of 500 grams each, 5 polybags to a tea box, 24 boxes on a pallet and 50 pallets in an FCL container with our shipping marks on the outer packing.
3、The report is based on the results of a comprehensive questionnaire sent to all staff in addition to in-depth interviews with managers and union leaders.
此外，被动语态、名词化结构、名词性从句等语言手段可以为商务英语应用文写作增添正式而庄重的文体色彩与氛围。
三、结语
语体的选择与语言的人际功能有关。人际功能指的是语言表达讲话者的身份、地位、动机并建立和维持一定的社会关系的功能，它有两层含义：一是语言使用者的地位和相互间的关系，二是语言使用者使用某一语体的意图\[6\]。“公事公办的持重感”正是公司对公司进行业务上的信函等应用文所要求的庄重而严肃的正式文体。
参考文献：
\[1\]王兴孙.对国际商务英语学科发展的探讨\[C\].商务英语教学探索，上海：上海交通大学出版社，1997：1-2.
\[2\]刘法公.商贸汉英翻译的原则探索\[J\].中国翻译，2000，（1）：45-48.
\[3\]刘法公.商贸汉译翻译专论\[M\].重庆：重庆出版社，1999：37.
\[4\]王德春，陈晨.现代修辞学\[M\].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001：113.
Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion on whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions vary from person to person on this issue.
50% of the students disagree with the idea of entrance fees. In their opinion, parks are public places where all the people can have a rest and enjoy themselves. So if an entrance fee is charged, some people will surely be kept away from the park. Besides, in order to charge entrance fees,gates and walls must be built. They think that it will do harm to the appearance of a city.
40% of the students agree with the idea of entrance fees, because the gardeners need to be paid and new plants and flowers need to be fees should be charged reasonably.
Yours truly,
XXX
Sample:
Dear David,
I'm glad you'll come to Wuhu to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Wuhu.
Yours,
Chen Quan
Dear Brown,
It is my pleasure to recommend Li Ming, my good friend, for his application to work in your company. Li Ming graduated from Beijing Industry University. His major is Computer Software. During the four years'study he has done a good job. Every year he got the first grade scholarship. And he also has got the title of the Excellent Graduate.
He is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with high potentiality. He is not only quick at learning but also good at solving difficult problems with logical mind. I am sure that it will benefit your company if he can work for your company. I strongly recommend him to your company.
Yours
英文书信一般由以下六部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名。
信头（Heading）
信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如：
123 Tianhe Road
Tianhe District
Guangzhou 510620
Guangdong Province
P. R. C.
Jan. 8,
信内地址（Inside Address）
信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。
称呼（Salutation）
称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如：
Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen:
Dear Dr. Johnson,
对不相识的人可按性别称呼：
Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。
如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:
正文（Body of Letter）
正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的'开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。
书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。
结尾礼词（Complimentary Close）
公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：
Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Respectfully yours, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等。
私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：
Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son/daughter等。
签名（Signature）
写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。
January 12th,
Dear Mr. President,
I m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I m afraid I m not content with the canteen service on campus.
Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety.
Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.
Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can t enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.
These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.
By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.
Best wishes,
Yours sincerely,
Li ming
1月12日
亲爱的校长先生：
我非常幸运进入了这个世界闻名的大学，但我想我恐怕并不满足于校园的食堂服务。
首先，应该提高菜肴的质量。毫无疑问，饭堂里有很多美味的菜肴，但一年到头这些菜都是一样的。越来越多的学生在抱怨每天吃同样的食物。所以我认为最急迫的问题是菜肴的种类。
其次，价格有点太高了。我们中的许多人希望食堂能够为我们提供不仅美味而且便宜的食物。
最后，环境太吵以至于我们不能拥有一个良好的心情来享受我们的用餐时间。我建议放一些轻音乐来帮助我们放松。
这些建议不仅是我自己的，也是很多其他学生的。我们希望尊敬的校长先生能够关注我们的建议。
顺便说一下，食堂的工作人员总是非常耐心并充满微笑。所以我认为如果我们大学能提供更好的条件,他们将为我们提供更好的服务。
给与您最美好的祝愿。
您最真诚的学生
Dear Jimmy,
How are you?
I m writing to you now to ask for some advice. You know, I am not busy with my studies at present. I almost have nothing to do on Sundays and in the evenings. So I am thinking about learning something in my spare time. Just as you know already, I am fond of photo-taking and drawing as well. But I can t learn them at the same time. It s also hard for me to decide which one I should take, because the art school is far away from my home,but it will only cost me 150 to learn it, and the photo-taking school is quite near, but it will cost me 350. Then what do you think I should do? Hope to hear from you soon.
Best regards
Carol
【关键词】初中英语；写作；教学
1前言
书面表达历来是英语教学中一个难点，要想在限定的时间内写出一篇好文章非朝夕之功。纵观近年来的中高考作文，英语写作越来越重视情景的设置，选材上力求内容新颖、题材广泛、体现时代要求，而且体裁多样。写作是一个长期训练过程，要坚持不懈。因此，教师要培养学生的自信心和耐心，勤于练笔最终才能提高。
2初中英语写作存在的问题
目前初中学生的英语写作水平普遍不高，原因有多方面：①教师对写作训练重视的程度不够，学生对写作提不起兴趣。在教学中，教师花费大量的时间在听说读方面，而缺乏一定的时间对学生进行写作辅导。②受汉语影响，学生在写作过程中容易写出Chinglish。同时，由于对英语文化背景知识的缺乏，学生在写作中常出现一些知识性错误。③学生单词记不住，短语、词组记不清，词汇贫乏、搭配不当，严重影响了写作水平的提高。④教师缺乏一定的指导技巧和系统的训练方法。教师在教学中对写作训练没有理清思路、混乱的指导使学生不知如何下笔。
3如何改进英语写作教学现状
鉴于现状，我在课堂上常对学生用以下方法进行训练：采用用词造句、连词成句的训练和连句成篇、句篇融合的训练。①要求学生听写本单元所学单词短语和重点句子。值得注意的是，听写哪些词汇和句子，教师在听写前要心中有数，因为这是为下一步服务的。②让学生用刚听写的单词和短语写句子，此时教师可以用汉语提示学生造句。③要求学生结合第一步所听写的句子重新调整句子顺序和时态组合成一篇与本单元主讲话题有关的小作文。④让一到两名同学念自己的作文，师生集体学习。在此过程中教师应重视教材中的单句练习，引导学生从对单个句子的掌握，逐渐过渡到复杂句式的运用，使学生能连贯自如地表达思想。应注意英汉结构比较，减少表达错误，亦可通过错句型辨析、归纳和总结，帮助学生提高遣词造句的能力。
4老师布置任务小组合作完成
任务型教学由教学目标、信息输入、活动方式、师生角色、教学环境等要素组成。学生在完成任务过程中能进行互动，近而产生语言习得。能更好地完成课程目标。例如当初二学生学完植物的知识后，老师出作文题Why are plants important？引导学生从食物、衣物、办公用品等用途方面考虑，并列出提纲。然后让学生以小组形式完成任务，最后从每组评选出一篇佳作。这样，学生的写作有“纲”可依，思路由混乱变得清晰，由无处下笔到有话可说。学生都会积极的投入到合作的写作中去，而且每组的优生带动了学困生。在此过程中教师要从学生“学”的角度来设计教学活动，使学生的学习活动具有明确目标，并构成一个有梯度的衔接性强的活动。请你参照所给信息以书信形式向提出申请说明你打算如何开展这次活动并陈述理由。要求学生要在一定的范围内发挥。因此，作为教师要不断改进教学方法，多设计英语写作活动，多让学生练习。这样既有利于提高学生写作能力，又能发挥学生的内在潜能。
5练习各种文体，掌握各种时态和格式
初中阶段英语写作必会文体有记叙文、说明文，格式有日记、书信、电话、电子邮件、规章制度、警告、留言等。在训练的过程中教师要讲清各自的特点。如记叙文要有六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、经过、结果，时态常用过去时。说明文要讲清事物的特征和用途，时态用一般现在时。日记格式要有日期、天气，时态常用过去式。正式书信要有信头，称呼，正文，结束语和签名。信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在熟识的朋友之间，写信人的地址常可略去。日期常有下列两种写法：①月/日/年：如August 28，2012。②日/月/年：如28th August，2012。地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通常写在城市名之后）。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写1～3行，日期写在地址的下方（见信笺格式）。警告常用祈使句或No+名词/V-ing形式。总之，每训练一种格式先要给学生一种模式，久而久之，学生的写作能力自然会提高。
6评价学生习作多找闪光点，错误集体更正
在写作训练中应按照循序渐进的原则，教师应该从实际情况出发，顾及到各层面的学生，进行佳作点评和错例纠正。同时还要全面评价学生的发展和进步。当在写作中遇到学生的习作不理想时，在评讲中也要发现一两个好句表扬他们，鼓励他们调整学习策略，进一步提高。同时应关注学生在学习过程中的点滴进步，及时给予激励。
7结束语
1、称呼
(1)机构
A、不认识负责人
Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam,To whom it may concern,
B、认识负责人
DearMr./(Michael)Wang,
(2)个人
A、关系不亲密
DearMr./,
B、关系亲密
DearMichael,
2、正文
3、落款
(1)祝福语
Best wishes!/The best regards!
(2)签名
LiMing
关键词：高校英语；写作能力；就业要求；文体类型
随着社会经济的发展，就业市场对高校毕业生的英语水平提出了更高的要求，这就驱使教师在教学实践中，除了要求学生夯实基础，掌握语法技巧，囊括尽可能多的词汇外，还要提升学生总体写作能力。目前，许多高校英语应用写作教学训练没有跟上社会发展的步伐，未能实现学生的职业发展要求。于是，高校一线英语教师怎样培养学生的写作能力，培养出符合社会需要的有较高英语素养的人才，成为英语写作教学面临的新课题。所以，笔者特借片语之地，对自己在教学实践中对高校英语写作能力的培养进行总结和归纳。
一、课程要求和就业要求
培养高校英语写作能力，从近期分析最起码要满足课程要求和就业要求。这其中，课程要求是夯实基础，就业要求是应用能力提升。
1.课程教学要求
为了顺应时代潮流，规范高校英语教学活动，教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》（试行）就曾对高校学生英语的写作能
力作出了详尽的要求达标规范：
基础目标：熟练掌握常用记叙、说明、议论等常见应用文体，并能在30分钟内写出内容完整、语言连贯、语句通顺的120单词以上的故事经历、新闻事件、事物说明等。
能力目标：通过有针对的系统训练掌握申请、书信、邀请函等日常生活及职业常见应用文。在专业课程毕业论文中，借助工具书能自己写出专业论文的英文摘要和关键词等。能借助工具书写出内容丰富、结构清晰的自己所学专业的相关内容，能阐发自己的观点和见解。
2.市场就业要求
21世纪是信息化的社会，作为世界语，市场对英语写作能力的要求越来越高。这就从客观上给高校学生带来压力和动力。为了增强自己的竞争力适应市场的要求，同学们就不能再拘泥与一般的课程能力要求，这就要求我们除了全面训练学生基本的记叙文、议论文、读书报告和说明文等校园常见文体外，还要全面拓展社会市场可能遇见的英语应用写作能力训练：如能设计调查问
卷、设计合同、填写注册表等一线职场工作应用；能给个人或单位写生日卡、短信或通知等；此外，应聘时能设计自己的英文简历，有写活泼提示语、产品推广小广告及社团海报等能力。
二、高校英语写作能力提升策略
从上文分析可见，课程和社会市场对高校学生提出越来越高的英语写作能力要求。这就要求我们在一线教学中，注意激发学生对英语的写作兴趣，然后牵引学生了解并掌握不同文体的写作技巧，以期全面提升英语写作能力，适应社会发展。
1.模拟写作情境，牵引学生兴趣
“兴趣是最好的老师。”不可否认，许多同学从小学开始就害怕写作，对熟悉的母语尚且如此，对英语写作更是采用敬而远之、应付交差的态度。教育心理学告诉我们：如果我们无法调动学生在学习过程中的积极态度就会让他们处于消极的被动学习状态，久而久之，对相关知识学习就缺乏最起码的自信心，学习效果也江河日下了。为了防止出现这种情况，笔者一般通过设置写作情境，牵引同学们在特定的情境中产生积极的写作情趣和表达欲望。然后我们再鼓励大家把自己想说的组织恰当的书面语用活泼的语言表达出来，最后大家通过相互观摩、相互指点、相互学习达到优势互补、共同提高的目的。
除此之外，我们还可以让学生通过分角色扮演活动，激发兴趣，模拟写日常生活中常用文体，诸如请假条、书信、简历等，将英语写作能力渗透在活动中，让学生边学边用，潜移默化中掌握技巧、提升能力。
2.了解不同作文类型
由于当今的教育走向在很大程度上还是受应试教育模式的影响。高等院校英语教学往往以通过四、六级为目的而展开，许多英语教师通过训练学生遣用词汇、套用经典句式等教学手段来引导学生考前突击，当然要求学生将每个常用文体都背诵一篇范文待考试套用的集训方式也不乏其例。可见，大家对文体及英语应用文写作抱有投机心理和应付了事的消极态度，长此以往肯定会助长学习惰性。其结果就是考试后，发现自己只能诵记参考书上提供的一些例文，一旦遇到生活或工作实际中的实用性文体则提笔四顾、不知所言。因此，一线教学中，我们务必摒弃应试教育的思想，要引导学生逐步学习和掌握不同类型的作文应用文体的写作特点，让大家掌握写作格式和技巧，便于以后生活和工作中举一反三，宕笔千言。
不同需求和写作目的就需要不同的写作方式和写作文体。应试教育的背诵，往往忽视了对应文体的格式和基本写作技巧。笔者借此对照中文书信给大家简述一下英文书信的写作格式：中文书信通常是这样的结构：敬称、正文、结尾礼貌词、写信者签名、写信日期；如果我们不系统学习，误以中文格式来完成英语信件写作，就会留下笑柄。英语信函通常是这样的格式：信首、信内地址、写信日期、敬称、正文、结尾礼貌词、写信者签名。注意：我们切不可丢掉写信日期，更不能将英文信件的写信日期放在信尾，文体格式是特定语言和地域人们的约定俗成，不可擅自更改。由此可见，教学实践中，我们非常有必要引导同学们熟悉和掌握各种英语作文类型写作技巧和应用文写作格式，使同学们都能熟练写出符合标准规范的英语作文。
3.多方训练文理，注重语篇结构
写作不是简单的单词叠加，更不是语无伦次地表达，英文写作也是有规可循的，这就要求学生多读、勤练，拓展视野，丰富知识。“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”说的就是这样道理。如果我们期望只通过几节英语写作课训练，就能让学生掌握写作技巧，那肯定是天方夜谭。笔者认为，写作课只不过是学生写作能力和技巧契合训练和归纳的过程，是学生知识积累的量变到质变的仪式。比如，平时教学中的英语泛读和精读中我们也可以引导学生学习写作技巧，渗透表达意识。在讲解课文时，我们也可以指导同学们根据文章体裁，认识其文体概念，学习其写作格式、技巧和注意事项，然后分析其文体特征、描摹期语篇结构。
教师通过对语言使用得体性与生动性的分析，可提高学生的语言遣派和运用能力。在英语写作中，许多用词习惯和汉语是相通的，记叙文、小说等体裁常常运用修辞手法来提高文章的感染力和表达效果；而学术作品、实验报告、统计数据、理论著作等最好使用比较严肃的书面语；而文艺作品则借助比较随意的非正式的口语对话来描摹场景和动作，激发想象，使文章生动活泼。实际教学中，引导同学们通过研究某一语体的语言特点和内容结构特点等，能让他们站在语篇全局的高度合理有效组织语言，构建文章，完成优质写作。
以上是笔者在教学实践中对高校英语写作的要求分析其能力提升技巧。当然，教无定法，写作是一个动态的过程，我们没必要拘泥与死板的说教，我们应根据学生的实际认知规律和知识经验，兼顾英语文化背景，研习各种实用文体并设置有针对性的英语写作训练。只有这样才能让学生不断提高英语素养，才能在以后的学习和工作中有运用英语沟通遇到的实际问题的能力。
[1]荆雪莲，李亚平。浅谈高校英语应用写作教学方法改革[J].重庆石油高等专科学校学报，2007（4）.
[2]陈维。影响大学生英语写作的因素分析及对策研究[J].疯狂英语：教师版，2011（3）.
[3]刘东。大学英语写作问题成因分析及教学策略探讨[J].河南教育：中旬，2011（6）.
信件格式
信件格式一般的书信由六个部分构成。这六个部分是:称呼、问候、正文、祝福语、署名、日期。下面分别说说它们在格式上的要求。
(1)称呼
写一封信，先要把收信人的称呼顶格写在第一行，然后，再在后面加上冒号，表示下面有话要说。
(2)问候语
问候语要写在称呼的下一行，空两格。它可以独立成为一段。
(3)正文
正文一般分为连接语、主体文、总括语三个部分。每一个部分开头都应另起一行，空两格落笔。
(4)祝福语
祝福语是表示致敬或祝贺一类的话，如“此致”、“祝”等。应独占一行，空两格写。
另外，在写与“此致”或“祝”相配套的“敬礼”、“健康”等一类表示祝福的话语时，一般要另起一行顶格写。
(5)署名
写完信之后，在信的右下角写上发信人的姓名叫做署名。在署名的前面一般还要加上合适的称谓，如“你的同学”、“你的好友”，“您的学生”等。
(6)日期
日期写在署名的下一行。
信件格式范文：
亲爱的老师：
您好!
老师，千言万语归纳于一句——谢谢您，老师!在我学习困难时，您伸出了一双温暖的手，抚摸安慰我那受伤的心。这时，立刻使我豁然开朗。谢谢，在这里，我要亲切的叫你一老师，千言万语归纳于一句——谢谢您，老师!在我学习困难时，您伸出了一双温暖的手，抚摸安慰我那受伤的心。这时，立刻使我豁然开朗。
在学校中，总是会出现一个忙碌的身影——老师。是您把我带进了丰富多彩的校园，也带进了学习的殿堂。当我怀着疑惑的心面对一道难题的时，您总会耐心细致的为我们讲解，将我那颗沮丧。气馁的心带到了题中。当我怀着惭愧的心面对犯下的错误时，您则会意味深长的.教给了我们做人的道理，也将我从错误中慢慢的带向了正确的生活。
记得一次上课发言时，我积极的回答了问题，您会在一旁鼓励，说：“下次也要这样，不错，不错。”您是一位辛勤的园丁，用甘露来浇溉我们，使我们茁壮成长;您是一支小小的蜡烛，燃烧了自己，照亮了别人，为我们的道路，点明了路灯：您是一位善解人意的母亲，我们在您温暖的怀抱中长大。粮食哺育我们的身体，而知识哺育我们的灵魂，使我们变的充实。
我想对您说：感谢您风雨之中为我遮挡;感谢你冰天雪地之时给予我的温暖;感谢您对我的培育之恩，感谢您对我的知遇之情。
当我……不论遇到什么，您都会和我一同面对，老师，在我眼里您是神奇的。我发自内心的感谢您：“感谢您，我的老师，感谢您为我所作的一切。”
祝您们
身体健康!
万事如意!
Dear Neck,
Did you have a fun day?I had a different day off.
In the morning,I got up very you believe it? I got up at 12 o' clock. I went to the shop and bought a cake because it was my mother's biethday. Then I had a lunch with my grandparents. It was delicious. My grandparents told me, my mother wasn't coming back this night. I hesitated to give her a znd disappointed,looking at the cake made me unshakeble.
I decided to go to mom's company and have a biethday could stop took the bus with the it was a busy street all the same, particularty during rush took me an hour to get to the company,tired but happy.
When my mother saw me,it was exciting in her eyes._I bring you this cake, happy birthday mom!_I mother was very happy,_Thank you very much,my 'm very proud of you!_Then we ate the cake with her company was full of love and rich.
I love my mom,so I am happy think there is only happiness in life, to love and be loved. Without love, person is like dry wood.
Sherry.
初次开场白：
It is my pleasure to write here for you.
回复开场白：
Further to our conversation earlier, .........
As discussed over the phone, .......
Thanks for you kind reply.
Thank you for your inquiry/email.
Thanks for your letter. It is my pleasure to receive your reply!
Thanks for your mail of 日期............
结尾：
We will noted and many thanks!
I hope everything with you is fine.
Many thanks for your support.
I hope you are well and in good health!
FYI: for your information 仅供参考
深盼贵公司及早回复
(1) We hope to receive your favors at early date.
(2) We hope to be favored with a reply with the least delay.
(3) We await good news with patience.
(4) We hope to receive a favorable reply per return mail.
(5) We await the favor of your early (prompt) reply.
(6) A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
(7) We trust you will favor us with an early (prompt) reply.
(8) We trust that you will reply us immediately.
(9) We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
(10) Will you please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
(11) Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do?
(12) We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
(13) We are waiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.
(14) We should appreciate an early reply.
(15) We thank you for the courtesy to your early attention.
(16) We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
(17) Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
(18) Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
(19) Please send your reply by messenger.
(20) Please reply immediately.
(21) Please favor us with your reply as early as possible.
(22) Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
(23) May we remind you that we are awaiting your early reply?
(24) May we request the favor of your early reply?
(25) A prompt reply would help us greatly.
(26) A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
(27) Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
(28) Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
(29) We look forward to receiving your early reply.
(30) As the matter is urgent, an early reply will reply.
(31) We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
(32) We request you to accept our warmest thanks for the anticipated favor.
(33) We thank you in advance for the anticipated favor.
盼望以传真答复
(1) We await your reply by fax.
(2) Please fax reply to fax this morning.
(3) We are anxiously awaiting your reply by fax.
(4) Please arrange for your fax reply, or long distance call, to reach us before noon Monday.
(5) Fax reply immediately.
(6) Please acknowledge by fax the receipt of these instructions.
(7) Please do not fail to fax your reply immediately on receipt of this letter.
(8) Please fax your decision without delay as we have offers waiting.
(9) Oblige us by replying by fax before noon tomorrow, as we have another offer.
(10) Inform us by fax of your lowest quotations.
(11) Fax in time for us to write you in reply by 7 pm mail.
(12) Fax me from Osaka before noon stating your telephone number.
(13) Kindly reply me by wire.
承蒙贵公司重视, 感谢之至
(1) Please accept our thanks for your usual kind attention.
(2) Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken.
(3) We are obliged to you for your kind attention in this matter.
(4) We are greatly obliged for your trial order just received.
(5) We wish to assure you of your appreciation of your courtesy in this matter.
(6) We thank you for your order just received.
(7) We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter.
(8) We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair.
(9) Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us.
(10) We are very sensible of your friendly services on our behalf,for which please accept our sincere thanks.
回函迟误, 请见谅
(1) Please excuse my late reply to your very friendly letter of March 1.
(2) I hope you will forgive me for not having written you for so long.
(3) I hope you will excuse me for not having replied to you until today.
(4) I humbly apologize to you for my delay in answering your kind letter of May 5.
(5) I have to (must) apologize you for not answering your letter in time.
我们将随时为你服务
(1) We assure you of our best services at all times.
(2) We shall spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you.
(3) We shall be pleased to be of service to you at all times.
为贵公司带来不便,特此致歉,并请原谅
(1) We hope you will pardon us for troubling you.
(2) We regret the trouble we are causing you.
(3) I regret the trouble it caused you.
(4) We trust you will excuse us for this inconvenience.
(5) We wish to crave your kind forbearance for this trouble.
(6) We solicit your forbearance for such an annoyance.
(7) Kindly excuse me for troubling you in this matter.
对此错误, 谨致歉意, 务请原谅
(1) Please excuse this clerical error.
(2) We tender you our apology for the inconvenience this error may have caused you.
(3) We request you to accept our regret for the error of our clerk.
(4) We greatly regret that we have caused you such an inconvenience.
(5) We wish to express our regret for the annoyance this mistake has caused you.
(6) We frankly admit we were at fault and we are anxious to repair the consequences.
恳请贵公司支持惠顾
(1) We solicit a continuance of your valued favors.
(2) We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.
(3) We hope we may receive your further favors.
(4) We hope to receive a continuance of your kind patronage.
(5) We request you to favors us with a continuance of your kind support.
(6) We solicit a continuance of your kind patronage.
若有机会本公司也愿提供类似服务
(1) It would give us great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur.
(2) We wish to reciprocate the goodwill.
(3) We shall on a similar occasion be pleased to reciprocate.
(4) We hope to be able to reciprocate your good offices on a similar occasion.
(5) We are always ready to render you such of similar services.
(6) We shall at all times be willing to reciprocate such of similar favors.
(7) We shall be happy to have an opportunity of reciprocating to you on a similar occasion.
[英语信件常用语]
Dear Headmaster,
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we've had on whether the school should organize a spring outing for the students.
Opinions on the question are divided as follows:70% of the students think that the school should organize the spring outing. They believe that the spring outing can make them enjoy the nature's beautiful scenery, which can broaden our vision and fill us with more knowledge. They also say that the air in the open fields is fresher. What's more, fresh air does a lot of good to our health.
On the other hand,30% don't like the idea of going out for a spring outing. In their opinions, time is very precious, so they have to grasp every minute to work hard at their lessons. Traveling costs a lot. In that case, it will add to their families' burden. Above all, no one can be sure of the safety of every student.
Yours truly
Li Hua
亲爱的校长：
我写信是想告诉您我们已经讨论了学校是否应该为学生组织一次春游。
意见有分歧的问题如下：70%的.学生认为学校应该组织春游。他们认为春游可以使他们享受大自然的美景，可以拓宽我们的视野，让我们获得更多的知识。他们还说，户外的空气更新鲜。更重要的是，新鲜空气对我们的健康很有好处。
另一方面，30%的人不喜欢出去春游的想法。在他们看来，时间是非常宝贵的，所以他们必须把握每一分钟努力学习功课。旅行花费太多。在这种情况下，这会增加家庭的负担。最重要的是，没有人可以确保每个学生的安全。
您最真诚的，
一般的书信由六个部分构成。这六个部分是：称呼、问候、正文、祝福语、署名、日期。下面分别说说它们在格式上的要求。
另外，在写与“此致”或“祝”相配套的`“敬礼”、“健康”等一类表示祝福的话语时，一般要另起一行顶格写。
英语书信（一）
20 June
Dear Mr. Seaton，
Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I wouldn't have known my way about.
The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was lucky.
I think the river trip was the best thing of all. ()London really came alive for me as we saw it from the Thames during that wonderful journey down to Greenwich. It was all tremendously exciting － a day that I shall never forget.
Thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat.
Linda Chen
英语书信（二）
Dear Mr. Wang：
Thank you for taking the time to write your wonderful letter in support of MCEA (Maywood Chinese Education Association). Your letter clearly articulates all the major reasons children in Maywood will benefit from studying the Chinese language as part of their elementary school education. It provides invaluable support that will help making bilingual Chinese education a reality in Maywood public schools.
Although MCEA would like to see Palo Alto public schools implement the first bilingual Chinese kindergarten class in September of 2006, we have learned that the school district must take the time to understand how a new program will affect existing educational offerings, and to validate community interest. Nevertheless, MCEA, with more than 70 members, will continue to actively promote bilingual Chinese education in the Palo Alto public schools and will keep you apprised of the progress we make.
Thanks again for sending a letter in support of MCEA. We' will continue to do all we can to realize this program both for families of Chinese descent and those with a general interest in participating in the growing economic power of China.
George Chen
[关键词]初中 英语 书面表达
[中图分类号] [文献标识码]A [文章编号]16746058（2016）160030
一、前言
如何做好新形势下英语研究发展工作，为初中英语书面表达方面研究实现可持续发展提供坚实的安全保障，是现在初中英语书面表达方面研究面临的迫在眉睫、亟需解决的头等课题。
二、汉英思维模式的差异表现
1.汉语思维的直观性与英语思维的逻辑分析性之间的差异
汉语思维的直观性，就是主体凭借直观理性认识而把握外在世界思维中的直观性，这就形成了现代汉语以意统形（意合）的特点。
英语思维的逻辑分析性，就是指在思维上将一个完全的对象分解为各个组成部分，这就形成了英语以形统意（形合）的特点。
以《秋思》中文原版与马致远的英译版对照为例：
“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，断肠人在天涯。”这首《天净沙・秋思》语言凝练、色彩鲜明。前三句用了九个并列的名词简单排列而成。
再比较《秋思》的译文，可以窥见英文强调的是丝丝入扣的逻辑关系：
Oer old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows，
Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows，
On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes.
Far，far from home is the heartbroken one.
出于严密的逻辑分析性和英语句法结构的需要，译者在译文中用了“o’er”“with”“'neath”“beside”“on”“in”“from”等七个介词，原句中的名词组合改换成了三个完整的逻辑语句，且通篇用的都是沉闷的低调词，如wreathed，rotten vine，tiny bridge，lean horse，读起来感到有一种浓浓的凄凉之情，从而突出了英语语言的以形统意（形合）的特点。
2.汉语思维的圆周式特点与英语思维的直线式特点的差异
中国人的思维方式为曲线式，类似一种涡轮线或称圆周式；以英语为母语的人的思维方式是直线式的。了解汉语思维的圆周式特点与英语思维的直线式特点的差异，对于英语书面表达教学与跨文化交际中有效克服思维模式的干扰，更好地教授和运用语言具有积极意义。
3.汉语以主客体统一为基础的思维方式和英语以主客体相分离为基础的思维方式的差异
汉民族的主客体统一性思维促使人们在思维过程中，强调人的主体性的同时，不是把自然界对象化而是把自然界人化，使之成为一个统一的整体。而英语的思维模式则严格区分有生命和非生命的主客体关系。在语言表现上，汉语多以有生命的名词（主体）为句子主语，而英语多以非生命的名词（客体）为主语。
三、当前初中生英语书面表达常见错误类型
1.审题不清
准确理解题意是写好书面表达的第一步，但有的学生不明确题目的要求和所给的条件，没有严格按照提示内容去开拓思路，要么丢三落四，要点不全；要么画蛇添足，无中生有。我们知道，根据评分原则，若果文章离题，不切题意，则不管语言如何规范，用词如何准确，都会判零分。
2.文体不对
中学阶段要求学生掌握的文体主要有说明文、记叙文、议论文和应用文。其中应用文包括通知、请假条、书信和电子邮件等。由于一些学生忽视了各种体裁的写作特点，从而导致文章体裁格式不正确。如写信的日期写在信末，请假条不署名等。
3.单词拼写错误
单词的拼写本应是学生学英语要具备的基本功，但在书面表达中，由于学生对单词的记忆不准确，对形似词和音似词区分不清楚及不熟悉单词的发音规律等原因，经常出现拼写上的错误。如果文章里出现大量的拼写错误，一来体现学生语言基本功不扎实，二来影响文章的表达，降低文章的档次。
4.语法错误
（1）缺少动词。英语不同于汉语，汉语中一个句子没有动词是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须由动词来构成。许多学生忽视这点，如把I am tired写成I tired. Im happy 写成I happy.
（2）代词的误用。代词的误用是学生常见的错误。在英语中，代词的形式很多，有主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。学生没有熟练掌握，经常出现：My father 写成 I father，This book is yours写成This book is your等情况。
（3）中式英语。有一些学生习惯用中文的表达方式来写英语作文。例如I spent 80 yuan buy the shoes. He by bike go to school.
四、提高初中生英语书面表达的几点建议
1.高度重视，树立信心
教学实践证明现行的中学课本就是对学生进行听说读写综合训练的最好材料。教师要善于抓住学生在学习中的闪光点，适时适宜地表扬鼓励。比如一段好的对话，一次测验的好成绩，都可以成为促进英语学习及其他方面成功的契机和内驱力。
2.夯实基础，练好内功
扩大词汇量，熟练掌握单词及词组用法，单词是语言的基本构成单位。没有词汇量，写作就无从谈起。一方面要扩大学生的词汇量，另一方面要让学生掌握一些词的不同用法，同义词、近义词的区别及一些常用词组和固定搭配，让学生在写作中应用起来得心应手。如中文同样是“开”，英语表达就不同，open the door，drive the bus，turn on the radio等等。只有丰富了学生的词汇量，为写作提供良好的前提，才能在写作中少出笑话，少犯错误。
3.学法指导 尤为重要
要注意循序渐进。在我们所学的课文中，有记叙文、日记、通知、便条、书信、广告等多种体裁，文中还有大量的插图，可以利用图片让学生进行看图说话写作。初中生掌握的单词、语法有限，一下子就要求学生能写出一段意思连贯的文字，那是困难的。必须经历由浅入深、由简入繁、由易到难的循序渐进的过程。填充式写作、仿写、独立写作是初中生英语写作的几个由易到难的训练方式。从课文练起，从一些常见的文体练起，由短到长，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行。
4.多背多写
在新课程要求下，我们要寻找一些创新新颖的方法来指导教学，当然也不能忽略传统的方式，那就是背诵。研究表明，朗读和背诵能有效增强语感，是一种能在短期内见效的提高书面表达的途径。这就要求教师在平时的教学中要求学生背诵一些常见的写作模版，比如高中常考的一些表达观点型的作文。其次，多朗读和背诵课文中的文章、优秀范文、经典美文等。通过背诵，既可以防止学生在写作的时候无话可说，也可以培养学生的语感，让他们写出地道的英语文章。第三，要多进行练笔，平时可让学生写一些自己感兴趣的话题，也可以定期布置一些作文，把学生所背诵的素材应用到平时的写作中，以达到学以致用的目的。作文写好后，尽量给学生面批，指出学生写得好的地方鼓励学生再接再厉，同时指出该生写作中犯的语病，让学生把常犯的典型性错误记录下来，并在作文讲评课中指出，让全班同学一起学习，这样学生可以及时纠正和巩固一些常用的语法句型，防止他们下次再犯同样的错误。
一、循序渐进
“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的。它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难、循序渐进、一环紧扣一环地进行训练。教师应注重基本功训练，严格要求学生正确、工整、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句、组句成段练习时，要求学生写出最简单的短句，为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。如写“我的家庭”时，指导学生写出一简单句。
二、限时训练
训练时当场发题，限时交卷，促使学生瞬间接受信息，快速理解信息，迅速表达信息，提高实际应用和应试能力。这一步是关键，也是学生的难关。首先必须使学生明白高考书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是作文，不可任意发挥，要求的是将所规定的材料内容经整理后，
展开思维，目的在于考查学生运用所学英语知识准确地表达意思的能力。必须要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住以下口诀：“先读提示，弄清要点与格式；时态语态要当心，前后呼应要一致；句子结构和搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章写好细检查，点滴小错别忽视。”学生明确目的，并掌握要领后，要严格在规定时间内完成作业。训练的初级阶段，每次时间可放宽一点。随着学生写作能力增强，时间相应缩短，逐步做到30分钟内完成任务，不能养成拖拉的习惯。
三、范例引路
学生在进行短文写作训练时，教师应提供各种文体的范文，讲明各种文体的要求，如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等，并给予必要的提示。
四、掌握各种体裁文章格式
（一）记叙文(Narration)。
这是最普遍、最基本的一种文体。写作中应遵循以下几点。1.交待要素，即人、时、地、事；2.按事件发生的先后顺序叙述完整、具体；3.要重点突出，目的明确。记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事，原则上通常用过去时态写。
（二）说明文(Exposmon)、描写文(Description)。
这是英文常见的两种文体，以解说和描述为主要表达方式。
（三）日记(Diary)。
这是把自己当天生活中经历的有意义的事以及见闻或感受记录下来的书面形式。文体自由，通常用第一人称写。
（四）书信(1etters) 。
一般分为私人信函(Personal letters)和正式信函(Buslness letters)。英文书信从信封到正文，其格式与汉语有许多不同。书信由以下几个部分构成：1.信头(Heading)。寄信人地址和写信日期，写在信封右上角，地址由小到大；2.信内地址(Inside address)。收信人姓名、地址在左上方，位置比信头低一至二行。私人信件一般不写信内地址；3.称呼(Greeting／Salution)；4. 正文(Body)；5.结束语(Ending)；6.签名(Signature)。
（五）通知便条(Notice，Note)。
一般至少有口头通知、书面通知两种形式，至少包括三项内容：1.时间；2.地点；3.活动内容。便条一般有留言条，请假条。特点是：格式简单，开门见山，三言两语。
四、自改互改
对照范文，学生先对已查出的表达有误的地方进行初改。考虑到范文不可能把各种表达方式都包括进去，况且学生作业中的错误也不尽相同，因此，还可安排学生互改作业。互改以同桌的两人为宜。批改者对有疑问的地方作上记号，待互相讨论取得一致意见后再更正。若有争议的问题，可当场请教老师。学生得到了满意的答案，心里总是挺高兴的。他们的写作兴趣自然就会提高。最后，要求学生再对全文通读几遍，琢磨一下是否符合要求，尽量做到准确无误。如发现错误，可作最后修改，誊写工整，交老师查阅。
五、及时讲评
抓好习作讲评课，及时反馈信息，是提高学生书面表达能力不可缺少的一项工作。为此我对自己提出了以下要求：
（一）如在时间紧的情况下，可抽查部分学生的作文评阅，重点抽查中下水平的学生的作文，采用当面批改的形式，从而大面积提高教学质量。
（二）批阅过程中，认真记录习作中存在的带有普遍性和典型性的错误，为讲评课作材料准备。
（三）将一些写得较好的错误较少的习作张贴出来，或讲评时读给全班学生听，给予鼓励。
英语信件常用短语句子
英文信件开头常用语
You letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July the 20th.
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
Thank you for your letter.
In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;
Let me tell you that…
英文信件结尾常用语
Please remember me to your whole family.
Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.
Best wishes.
With love.
Wish you a pleasant journey.
Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)
Looking forward to your next visit to China.
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give advice.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do notsign your own name at the end of the text. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do notwrite the address.(10 points)
Truly yours
Dear Mr. Wang,
Dear schoolmates,
As I am graduating, I’d like to write this letter to express my feelings before leaving school. As for me, it is the school life that colors my daily life. During the three years, I had a good time with teachers and classmates who were in favor of me. Besides, there is no doubt that I achieved lots of knowledge and skills which are good for my future study.
Nevertheless, there are also some things that I regret about. For instance, wasting too much time playing computers, I spent a little time in studying. Moreover, I regret arguing with my friends when I was in a low spirit.
Gone are the days when I studied in high school. Needless to say, there are many challenges in university where I will start my new life. Therefore, I should make every effort to study in university.
Here is some advice for you to take. Under no circumstances should you waste time doing things that aren’t linked with study. Apart from this, it’s high time that you should spare no effort to get good marks at school.
Good luck to all of you!
亲爱的同学们：
在我即将毕业之际，我想在离开学校之前写这封信来表达我的感情。就我而言，学校生活使我的日常生活变得如此多彩。在这三年里，我和支持我的老师同学们度过了美好的时光。除此之外，毫无疑问地，我获得了很多对我以后的学习有益处的知识和技能。
然而，也有一些我很遗憾的事情。例如，把太多的时间浪费在玩电脑上，在学习上却只花了一点时间。此外，我后悔在我情绪低落的时候和我的朋友争论。
我在高中学习的日子一去不复返了。不用说，在大学有很多挑战，我将在那里开始我的新生活。因此，我应该在大学努力学习。
这里我有一些建议给予你们。在任何情况下你都不应该浪费时间去做那些与学习不相关的事情。除此之外，现在正是你应该不遗余力地在学校取得好成绩的时候。
祝你们所有人好运!
你们的
李华邀请外教的书信
Dear Henry,
How is everything going?Here is good news for you that there will be held a paper-cutting konw you are interested in the traditional Chinese paper-cutting,so I want to invite you to visit it with me.
The show will be held at the art museum,from 9:00 to 3: show mainly about the traditional Chinese kinds of paper-cuttings will be shown and it also is a chance to know more traditional culture of also can learn how to make the paper-cuttings.
In short,the art show is worth visiting,I hope you can go forward to your reply.
[关键词] 商务英语书信 格式 结构
一、商务英文书信的格式
一般来说,现在使用的商务英语书信的格式主要有两种:传统的缩头式和现代的齐头式。根据英国传统做法,缩头式要在信文每一段缩进五或六个字母的空间,有时可能会缩进更多。现在,齐头式在商务英语书信中使用得非常普遍。它的突出特点就是所有信的内容都从信纸的左边开始,段落与段落之间要比缩头式多空出两到三行,以便于区分。这种格式被称作齐头式。但是,有时把日期放在信纸的左边会给查找带来不便,所以,人们使用了一种改良的齐头式,即把日期放在右边,而把其他内容放在左边。一般来说,我们通常使用单行距来布局一封信,这会使信函有一种紧凑感。根据个人或公司的喜好,可以选择使用齐头式或缩头式。
二、商务英文书信的结构
不论传统的缩头式,还是现代的齐头式,一般商务英语书信的结构都包括十三部分内容,前七部分是每一封商务英语信件所必需包含的内容。在商务英语书信中,每一部分内容都有自己固定的位置,包含自己独特的内容,是不能随意互换的。
1.信头。信头所包含的是写信人的基本情况,包括姓名、地址、电话号码、电传号码，以及传真号码甚至E-mail 地址。信头在信纸的最上方,有的公司把信头直接印在所使用的信纸上。质量优良的信纸,以及一个整洁、匀称的信头,可以展示一个公司的风采,增强公司的信誉。
2.案号和日期。
案号是写信时所给的、以便查询的字母或数字。经常以“Our ref”和“Your ref”来区分。它的位置一般是在信头的右边。而日期在信头以下三行或四行,不管是齐头式还是缩头式,一般把日期放在右端,这可起到行尾的作用,使信看上去更整齐。在商务英语书信中,日期一定要写全,不能用数字的形式,因为美国和英国的日期标示法是不同的。月、日的后面用逗号,年份后面不用标点。
3.封内名称和地址和开头称呼语。封内名称和地址要用齐头式,紧靠信纸的左边,这样会使信看上去整齐。开头称呼语是写信人开始信文的礼貌用语,在英文书信中要使用敬语,在称呼方面,商业上最普遍的有Gentlemen(美国式)与Dear Sirs(英国式)二种,相当于我国的“敬启者”或“谨启者”。如果信是写给某个公司单位的,美语用Gentlemen(复数形式),英语用Dear Sirs。称呼后一般要使用标点符号,英国式采用逗号,美国式用分号。
4.信文。信文是实质性的内容,信文的书写要求是简洁、清晰、礼貌;语法正确,切中要点;段落划分明确,每段集中于一个话题;打印准确,布局要有艺术性,使信件看上去赏心悦目。尤其注意页边空栏,它是信文的框架。信文多用单行距,有些短信可用双行距。
5.结尾敬语。结尾敬语是信件结束时的一种礼貌用语。最为典型的美国式写法是Sincerely和Best regards，典型的英国式表达有Yours sincerely（熟人或知道对方姓名），Best wishes,kind regards 和yours faithfully（不知姓名）。结尾敬语必须和信文紧连一起,不能分开,更不能把它单独放到另一页。如遇此种情况,则信件必须重新安排、打印。
6.写信人签名或签署。签署是写信人或其所代表公司的名称或标记。公司名称可以打印,而主管人签名则必须是手写,两者都不可用印章代替。这部分在结尾敬语以下三行,大约留出五行或更多的空间。
7.注意事项。注意事项的习惯用语是:For the attention of或简单的Attention,下面一般要加上横线。当信件是写给特定的人或主办部门时,则用此用语。它在开头称呼语以上两行。除齐头式外,可放在信文以上中间。
8.事由、标题。事由或标题在开头称呼语以下两行,下加横线,除齐头式外,一般放在信文以上中间。经常是用一词或简单的几个词来表示信文的主题,让收信人先对所谈内容有所了解。9.经办人代号和附件。经办人代号在签署以下两行。是打字员名字的首字母缩写,可用小写,也可用大写。附件在经办人代号以下两行。写信人可标示出一个或多个信中所提到的附件。经常使用的形式有:Enclosure,Enclosures,等。
10.抄送。抄送在附件以下两行。抄送有明、暗两种方式。明示的标记为cc,后面加上收件人或公司的名字,可打印在原件和复印件上。暗示的标记为bcc,后加收件人或公司的名字,只打印在复印件上,并且只有写信人和收信人知道。
11.附言。附言在抄送以下两行。如写信人想增加些信中忘记提到的内容,可用此方式,但应尽量避免使用。因为它可能会给人一种错觉,即在写信前,你未能很好地安排你的信件,这可能会影响到你的信誉。
总之,当书写商务英语书信的时候,必须谨记:选定一种格式,坚持使用,不能变来变去;结构中的内容要安排合理得当。布局好的信件是双方交易的好的开始。一封布局优雅、端庄匀称的信件,会留给人一种良好的印象,促进双方的进一步往来,直至交易的达成。
[1]戴冬冬:论商务英语写作[J];东北大学学报(社会科学版); 2001年03期;68～70
英语书信模板
祝贺信
Dear ______ ,
①I have learned with delight that you ______(祝贺事由). ②I would like to extend to you my utmost
congratulations on ______. ③You must be ______. ④And I feel very happy for you.
⑤ ______(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news! ⑥I know this is surely owing to ______(被祝贺人过去的努力).⑦It
is a reward you richly deserve for your ______(被祝贺人的优点).
⑧Kindly let me know when you ______(咨询对方何时有空).⑨I hope ______(表达自己的`愿望). ⑩My best wishes
for your further success.
Li Ming
询问信
①I am ______(自我介绍). ②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding
______(要询问的内容).
③First of all, what are ______(第一个问题)? ④Secondly, when will ______(第二个问题)? ⑤Thirdly, is ______(第三个问题)?
⑥I would also like to inquire ______(将最重要的问题单独成段). ⑦Could you be so kind as to send me some
relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
⑧Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Dear Mike,I am glad to introduce my family to you. My family is a warm and happy are 5 people in my family, my grandpa, my grandma, my father, my motherand I. My grandparents are both teachers, they are still teaching in a is for maths, and Grandma is for English, sometimes their students cometo our home to send their greetings to them. My father is working in an American factory,he is very busy. Every evening he is doing his work in the midnight. At weekend he alwaysgoes to factory for his work. My mother is a nurse. Her hospital is near my home. I am a student in Junior high school. I hope you will introduce your family to sincerely
Tom
书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具。由于民族语言和习惯上的差异，英语信件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样，有些地方迥然不同。英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。
一般格式
英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：
信头(Heading), 日期(Date), 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address), 称呼(Salutation), 信文(Body of the letter), 结束语(Complimentary close), 署名(Signature)
信头(Heading)
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字，手写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：
① 齐头式
② 缩进式 私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。
Example: 123 Tianhe Road
日期(Date):
① 年份应写全，例如不能用“99”来代替“”；
② 月份应写英文名称，除May, July外，可用缩写，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字
April 13,
. Box 36
Tsinghua University
Beijing, China 100084
Dear Sir/Madam:
Your advertisement for a Network Maintenance Engineer in the April 10 Student Daily interested me because the position that you described sounds exactly like the kind of job I am seeking.
According to the advertisement, your position requires top university, Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows and LINUX System. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements. I will be graduating from Graduate School of Tsinghua University this year with a . degree. My studies have included courses in computer control and management and I designed a control simulation system developed with Microsoft Visual InterDev and SQL Server.
During my education, I have grasped the principals of my major and skills of practice. Not only have I passed CET-6, but more important I can communicate with others freely in English. My ability to write and speak English is out of question.
I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contact me. I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you for a personal interview.
With many thanks,
Wang Lin
一、什么是书信
书信，是一种应用文体，是人们普遍使用的一种交际工具。它具有明确而特定的用途和接受对象，并有固定的或惯用的格式。人们日常生活和工作中用得比较广泛。
二、书信的种类
常见的有一般书信和专用书信两大类。
书信定义和分类
定义：
书信，是一种应用文体，是用书面的形式向亲人、朋友、同志问候、谈话、联系事宜。是人们普遍使用的一种交际工具，它具有明确而特定的用途和接受对象，并有固定的或惯用的格式。
种类：
分为一般书信和专用书信
1一般书信
是在自己有什么事情想和亲友、同学、同志联系，或者想把自己的工作、学习、生活、思想等情况告诉给对方，或者要了解对方的什么情况，或者有求于对方时，所使用的一种文体。
一般书信的受信人是各种各样的，可以是上级、下级、长辈、晚辈、亲友、同志，甚至是敌对的人。
一般书信应用范围广泛，举凡政治、学术、文学艺术、家务、时代风气、人情世故等各个方面。一般书信属于私人书信，通常是不公开的。书信作为与特定对象交流思想、感情的工具，可以无拘无束，畅所欲言。
2专用书信
是在特定范围内因公务需要而写的具有专门用途的书信。它是党政机关、企事业单位使用较为广泛的应用文。
专用书信内容单一，格式固定，有标明性质的标题，署名处要加盖公章，语言朴实、简洁。
具体指介绍信、证明信、推荐信、感谢信、申请书、请柬等具有专门用途的书信。
专用书信有特定的格式和写作要求，多用于个人与机关团体，或机关团体之间的公务联系。
注意事项
书信一般由称谓、问候语、正文、结尾、署名、日期所构成。 我们以刘星给强强的一封信为例作简单讲析。
1 .称谓
在首行顶格的位置写称谓，后加冒号。
为了表示尊敬、亲切，可在称谓前加上“尊敬的”或“亲爱的”等词。这由写信人与收信人的关系的亲疏远近而定。
亲爱的强强：(同学之间，关系亲密，可用亲爱的)
2 .问候语
第二行开头空两格写问候语。
运用礼貌语言，使收信人感到亲切，受到尊敬。
长者多问候身体，中年人多问候事业和家庭，青年人多问候爱情和学业，少年儿童多祝愿健康成长。
你好!你在新学校的生活还习惯吧，别忘记了老同学哟
3 .正文
另起一行空两格写，一般一件事一段，注意要分层次叙述清楚，简洁清晰
语言要求准确通俗，明白如话，不要作过多过深的修饰，已免造成对方难于理解。
最近我们准备开一次同学聚会，不知你有时间回来参加没有。
另外，请你帮我到新华书店买一本语文学习资料，阅读方面的。
4 .结尾
要根据收信人的身份，写表示祝愿的话，以示礼貌。
一般性的祝词“此致”“敬礼”，格式是另起一行空两格写“此致”，“敬礼”下一行顶格写。
给长者的信往往写“祝您健康长寿”，给朋友写“祝工作顺利”，给晚辈写“祝你学习进步”。
学习更上一层楼。
5 .署名和日期
最后两行靠右写写信人的姓名，姓名正下方落下写信日期。
根据写信人与收信人的关系，在姓名前可表明身份，如“学生 ××× ”、“儿 ×× ”等。
好友：刘星
××年×月×日
一般书信写作注意事项：
1 .内容要写得清楚明白，以免造成对方的误会或疑问，耽误事情。
2 .用词要热情、自然、贴切、有礼貌。
3 .要按照书信的格式写，信封写作更要规范，避免投递困难。
4 .字迹要清楚，不能潦草，以免造成误会和麻烦。
[信件书写格式]
20 March
Dear Sir,
I was very interested in your advertisement in today's edition of The Evening Post and I should like to apply to be a member of the Amazon Expedition team.
I am twenty-three years old and have an honors degree in Botany from Bath University. Since leaving university I have been working in a research laboratory but my contract comes to an end in six weeks. I would particularly like to join the expedition for the opportunity it would give me to study the plant life of the area.
I enjoy several outdoor activities including rowing and rock climbing and I consider myself to be both fit and healthy enough to undertake such an expedition.
If you would like me to attend an interview, I would be able to come at any time convenient to you, (J1) my employers have agreed to give me time off for the purpose. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Lily Ma
I am very glad to recommend Li Ming, my good friend, for a job in your company. He is a graduate from Beijing Industry University. His major is Computer Software. In the past four years he has got the first grade scholarship for four times. And this year he got the title of the Excellent Graduate.
He not only studies well but also has great capacity. He is good at solving difficult problems with logical mind. I think that he has great potentialities. If he can join the company, he will be able to give full play to his talent. And your company will also be greatly benefited. I strongly recommend Li Ming to your company.
21 June 2016
Dear Mary,
Thanks for your last letter. I'm so glad that you have been able (at last! ) to arrange a holiday in Australia. As I fear I won't be able to meet you at the airport when you arrive, nor will I be able to be home until later in the afternoon, so here are some instructions and suggestions. There is a bus from the airport to the city. It is much cheaper than a cab. Take the bus to the city and ask to get off at Town Hall railway station. To get to my place in the eastern suburbs you have three options. You can either take a cab, a bus or the train. I suggest you take the train, since the airport bus will leave you right at the station. Get off at Cliff Station. From there you can either walk to my place (about ten minutes) or take a taxi. Probably you should take a taxi as you will have luggage.
When you arrive at my flat, ring the intercom for Flat 2. My friend Lillian will be at home and she will open the front door for you and let you into my flat. Presumably you will be tired and want to sleep. But if you feel like some exercise after that long flight, you could stroll down to Cooper Park, which is only ten minutes away ? you can see it from the window. Cheers and looking forward to seeing you.
Annie
. I will leave something for breakfast in the fridge. Help yourself to anything you want.
商务英语书信(Business or Commercial English Correspondence)是指交易时所使用的通信。在美国，常用Business writing，它包括书信、电报、电话、电传、报告书、明信片等。英语和美语在书信体例方面存在着一定的差异，比如信头和称呼、书信格式、遣词、结尾客套语等均有所不同。
一般来说，英国书信较为保守，许多英国人喜欢用老式书信体，用词较为正式刻板，而美国书信语言非常生气、有活力，格式也较为简便。因此当我们写信的对象是英国或其旧殖民地国家时，要使用标准式英语Queen's English；如果写信的对象是美国或美国势力范围的地区时，就要用美国英语。当然，英国式的语言文化近年来也有变化，但总体来说，两者间的差异是很明显的。
商业英文书信，一般都要求用打字机或电脑整齐地打印，左边各行开头垂直的，称为垂直式或齐头式(Block style)，美国常用这种格式；每段的第一个词缩进去，称为缩进式或锯齿式(indented style)，英国常用此格式。垂直式的职务及签名都在左边的边栏界线，这种格式，在极度尊重工作效率的美国公司，已普遍采用。正式的商业英语书信要在称呼的上方写上收信公司名称和地址或收信人的名字全称、职务及地址，称为信内地址（Inside address）。信内地址的写法也有垂直式和缩进式之分，垂直式和称美国式将各行并列，缩进式或称英国式将各行依次退缩。
不过，近来英国商业书信信内地址并未依次缩进，似乎与美国式相同。此外，在美国还流行一种普通收信人地址的写法，就是在书信的Inside Address中，把门牌号和街名都省略掉。在英文书信中要使用敬语，最普遍的敬语是Mr, Mrs和Miss（用于未婚女性）。英国人常在男性的姓名之后用Esq. (Esquire的缩写)，不过在商业上也在慢慢地改用Mr. Mmes. (Madam的复数形式)，用于二个女士以上。Messrs（Mr的复数形式）用于二个以上的男人，或用于二个以上的男人组成的公司或团体。在英国式英文信里，Mr, Mrs, Messrs，均不加缩写句点，相反地趋向于进步自由的美语反而加缩写句点如Mr., Mrs., Messrs.。在称呼方面，商业上最普遍的有Gentlemen（美国式）与Dear Sirs（英国式）二种，相当于我国的敬启者或谨启者。如果信是写给革个公司单位的，不是写给某个具体人的，美语用Gentlemen（复数形式），英语用Dear Sirs。如果对方公司只一人时，必须使用SirDear Sir。称呼后一般要使用标点符号，英国式采用逗号(comma)，美国式用分号(colon)。书信结尾客套语(complimentary close)有多种，相当于我国书信在结尾时使用的敬礼、致敬、顺安等句。最为典型的美国式写法是Sincerely和Best regards，典型的英国式表达有Yours sincerely（熟人或知道对方姓名），Best wishes, kind regards 和yours faithfully（不知姓名）。此外，英国式的客套语还有特别礼貌的格式，但除了特殊情况外，现在不再使用。
Dear John,
I have been seriously looking back upon our relationship and getting very clear on what I need and desire out of a relationship.
The conclusion I have come to is that we are too different in both our personality and our desired lifestyles to be able to successfully live together with joy, bliss, good communication, and interaction.
This is not about you or about me “winning or losing”, or about one of us being wrong -- it is about two ways of being... which do not fulfill each other, or go together. Though I had been open to having you visit with the thought that possibly we could 'try' again, after thinking about it a lot, I realize that it is not a good idea. I am very clear that we are not the 'right' people for each other at this time in our lives.
Please forgive yourself, and me, for any 'mistakes' we made along the way... and remember that we both have grown immensely through being together... but the time has come to move on.
So basically what I am saying is that I would like to 'cancel' my invitation for you to visit. I feel at this time, that I need to move on with my life, and having you come and visit would not serve any positive purpose. You need to accept that this relationship is over and open yourself up to receiving the blessings of the universe...
I think we both need to let go of the past, be grateful for what we had for a time, learn from our experiences, and move on from there.
Dearest John, we have been through a lot together... I have a learned a lot about myself, as you have learnt a lot about yourself. At this point, we are both ready to graduate to the next level in a relationship...What we have learned, whether while we were together, or whether after, through looking back on how we 'operated' together, will serve us in our future relationships.
It has been my experience, that all relationships that end are simply opening the door to another level of joy, and a better relationship built on what we have learnt in the past. So I know and trust that there is someone out there who will support you in your growth while loving you exactly the way you are... which is something that we were not doing for each other. I constantly judged and criticized you, in the same manner that you judged and criticized me... Out there is the perfect person for you that will love you and not find a single thing to criticize about you in the same way that you will not find a single thing to criticize about them... You will accept her as she is, even while seeing that she is not “perfect”.
Do not see this as losing something, but rather as having gained knowledge and wisdom... Everything that you learned from us being together, as well as from us being separated, you will be able to put in practice in your next relationship to avoid the traps that we got into.
EVERYTHING ALWAYS WORKS OUT FOR THE BEST, and this is no exception. Trust in yourself, trust in the Universe, trust in the power of Love that rules our lives. Please don’t get into feeling sorry for yourself and wanting to 'end it all'. Rather, thank God for the learning experience, and ask for the openness to recognize the blessings in your life. They are there... open yourself up to being you, accepting yourself completely without judgment, and loving yourself unconditionally.
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①I am ______(自我介绍). ②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding ______(要询问的内容).
⑥I would also like to inquire ______(将最重要的问题单独成段). ⑦Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
请求信
①I am writing to formally request to ______(请求的内容).
②The reason for ______is that ______(给出原因). ③I ______ , so I ______(给出细节).
④I would also like to request ______(提出进一步的要求). ⑤I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.
⑥Thank you for your attention to these requests. ⑦If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at ______(电话号码). ⑧I look forward to a favorable reply.
①I have learned with delight that you ______(祝贺事由). ②I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on ______. ③You must be ______. ④And I feel very happy for you.
⑤ ______(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news! ⑥I know this is surely owing to ______(被祝贺人过去的努力).⑦It is a reward you richly deserve for your ______(被祝贺人的优点).
⑧Kindly let me know when you ______(咨询对方何时有空).⑨I hope ______(表达自己的愿望). ⑩My best wishes for your further success.
推荐信
①It affords me much pleasure to recommend ______(要推荐的人)to you.②During his/her graduate years he/she was my ______ . ③As his/her ______ I found him/her ______(介绍与此人的关系).
④His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. ⑤First, he/she had been and showed great talents in ______ . ⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. ⑦He has developed a strong sense of ______, and working with him is always. ⑧I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being ______.(介绍此人的能力)
⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university?I am sure that his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.
投诉信
Dear ______,
①I am ______(自我介绍). ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about.
③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______(总体介绍). ④In the first place, ______(抱怨的第一个方面). ⑤In addition, ______(抱怨的第二个方面). ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______(感觉)to______(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).
⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______(提出建议和请求), preferably ______(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限). ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
建议信
①You have asked me for my advice with regard to ______ , and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
②In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ______(建议的内容).
③I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
邀请信
①There will be a ______(内容)at/in ______(地点)on ______(时间). ②We would be honored to have you there with us.
③The occasion will start at ______(具体时间). ④This will be followed by a ______(进一步的安排). ⑤At around ______(时间), ______(另一个安排).
⑥I really hope you can make it. ⑦RSVP before ______(通知你的最后期限).
道歉信
①I am truly sorry that ______(道歉的原因).
②The reason is that ______(介绍原因). ③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. ④Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.
感谢信
①I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for ______(感谢的原因). ②If it had not been for your assistance in ______(对方给予的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ______(没有对方帮助时的后果).
③Every one agrees that it was you who ______(给出细节).
④Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.
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