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How impressive the set of pictures are! In the first picture, the mother takes the daughter by the hand, while after thirty years the daughter hold her mother’s hand which is depicted in the second picture.
The meaning conveyed in the two pictures reveals that to respect the old and love the young is the traditional virtue and should be passed on from one generation to another. In real life, our parents not only give us life but do much in bringing us up. As the time goes on, they grow so physically weak that they no longer have the power to support themselves. So it is human nature for us to take our responsibility of taking care of them when they are old. Meanwhile, the virtue of willing to support the graying parents should be educated among Chinese people, no matter how young they are. It is necessary to drill the idea to the young all the time, so that they can better respect the older in future.
With love for the young, our society will be full of sunshine; with respect for the old, our country will be harmony and prosperous.
Text 2
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
’s public sentiment about the countryside
[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.
[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.
[C] is fully backed by the royal family.
[D] is not well reflected in politics.
to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be
[A] gradually destroyed.
[B] effectively reinforced.
[C] largely overshadowed.
[D] properly protected.
of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
author holds that George Osborne’s preference
[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain.
[B] the political life in today’s Britain.
[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.
[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.
Text 3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A] winning trust from consumers.
[B] guarding it against malpractices.
[C] protecting it from being defamed.
[D] raising the quality of its products.
33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to
[A] more effective
[B] less controversial
[C] less severe
[D] more lasting
prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record
[A] has an impact on their decision.
[B] comes across as reliable evidence.
[C] increases the chance of being penalized.
[D] constitutes part of the investigation.
of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
我们学院位于北郊。但是交通便利，环境宜人。大学校园后面有一座小山。离她不远。校园是一个大湖，我们星期天经常去那里游泳。
Our college is located in the northern suburbs. But the transportation is convenient and the environment is pleasant. There is a small mountain behind the university campus. Not far from her. The campus is a big lake, and we often go swimming there on Sundays.
校园里有教学楼和五个餐厅。教室又大又亮。每一间教室都足够60名学生在里面学习。主教学楼后面是学院图书馆，老师和学生每天都在那里忙着借书和还书。我通常每周去那里借一次书，还一次书。
There are FIMR teaching buildings and five restaurants on campus. The classroom is big and bright. Each classroom is sufficient for 60 students to study inside. Behind the Bishops Building is the college library, where teachers and students are busy borrowing and returning books every day. I usually go there once a week to borrow and return books.
我们的大学生活丰富而有趣。一方面，我们有许多经验丰富的'老师，足够的书籍，科学仪器和仪器来帮助我们的学习。另一方面，我们被鼓励参加许多大学活动，如研讨会、聚会、讲座、运动会、参观工厂等。篮球和排球比赛几乎每周都会举行。
Our college life is rich and interesting. On the one hand, we have many experienced teachers, sufficient books, scientific instruments, and equipment to help us with our learning. On the other hand, we are encouraged to participate in many university activities, such as seminars, gatherings, lectures, sports events, factory visits, etc. Basketball and volleyball matches are held almost every week.
总之，在我们学院学习是一种莫大的荣幸，所以学生们在毕业后都会记住他们的母校。
In short, studying in our college is a great honor, so students will remember their alma mater after graduation.
_When people succeed, it is because of hard work, Luck has nothing to do with success._ Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific and examples to explain your position.
When people succeed, it is because of hard work, but luck has a lot to do with it,too. Success without some luck is almost impossible. The French emperor Napoleon said of one of his generals, “I know he’s good. But is he lucky?” Napoleon knew that all the hard work and talent in the world can’t make up for bad luck. However, hard work can invite good luck.
When it comes to success, luck can mean being in the right place to meet someone, or having the right skills to get a job done. It might mean turning down an offer and then having a better offer come along. Nothing can replace hard work, but working hard also means you’re preparing yourself opportunity. Opportunity very often depends on luck.
How many of the great inventions and discoveries came about through a lucky mistake or a lucky chance? One of the biggest lucky mistakes in history is Columbus’ so-called discovery of America. He enriched his sponsors and changed history, but he was really looking for India. However, Columbus’ chance discovery wasn’t pure luck. It was backed up by years of studying and calculating. He worked hard to prove his theory that the world was round.
Success that comes from pure luck and no hard work can be a real problem. For example, consider a teenage girl who becomes a movie star.
Imagine she’s been picked from nowhere because of her looks. She is going to feel very insecure, because she knows she didn’t do anything to earn her stardom. On the other hand, think about an actress who’s spend years learning and working at her craft. When she finally has good luck and becomes a success, she will handle stardom better, she knows she earns it.
People who work hard help make their own luck by being ready opportunity knocks. When it comes to success. I think that hard work and luck so hand in hand.
“人之所以成功，是因为努力，运气与成功无关。”你同意还是不同意上面的说法？用具体的例子来解释你的立场。
当人们成功的时候，是因为努力，但运气也与之有很大关系。没有运气几乎不可能成功。法国皇帝拿破仑谈到他的一位将军时说：“我知道他很好。但他幸运吗？”拿破仑知道世界上所有的辛勤工作和天赋都无法弥补厄运。然而，努力工作可以带来好运。
当谈到成功时，运气可能意味着在正确的.地方遇到某人，或者拥有完成工作的正确技能。这可能意味着拒绝一个报价，然后有更好的报价出现。没有什么能取代努力工作，但努力工作也意味着你在为自己的机会做准备。机会往往取决于运气。
有多少伟大的发明和发现是由于一个幸运的错误或偶然的机会而产生的？历史上最大的幸运错误之一是哥伦布所谓的美洲发现。他丰富了赞助商，改变了历史，但他真的在寻找印度。然而，哥伦布的偶然发现并非纯粹的运气。它得到了多年研究和计算的支持。他努力证明他的理论，即世界是圆的。
纯粹靠运气而不努力的成功可能是一个真正的问题。例如，考虑一个十几岁的女孩成为电影明星。
想象一下，她因为长相而被不知从哪里挑选出来。她会感到非常没有安全感，因为她知道自己没有做任何事情来获得明星地位。另一方面，想想一个女演员，她花了多年的时间学习和工作她的技艺。当她终于有了好运并取得成功时，她会更好地应对明星的身份，她知道这是她应得的。
努力工作的人通过做好机会敲门的准备来帮助自己获得好运。说到成功。我认为努力工作和运气是相辅相成的。
The above two pictures have shaped sharp contrast to each other. In one picture, a flower grows in a greenhouse and is in full bloom in spite of the outside rain. But in the other, the flower, moved outside and without the protection of the greenhouse, is withering in the thunderstorm. The two pictures show us that the flower, which is raised in a greenhouse and carefully protected, cannot stand natural wind and rain at all.
It is most likely that the drawer means to compare children in our country to the flower in his drawings and reflect a problem in the present education of our children. For one thing, nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always try their best to meet the children’s demands, to provide them with the best environment of growth and study and to protect them from any possible harms, setbacks and sufferings. For another, owing to the present examination’ oriented education system, most children are too heavily burdened with studies to have time to take part in social activities, so they learn little about the society, the real world outside their family and school. Growing up in such a manner and such an environment, the children will inevitably and naturally lack the ability to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles when they leave their parents and step into the society.
To sum up, the problem of children’s education must be solved timely and effectively because it is they that constitute the future of our country.
因为考研英语试题中的阅读文章有一些是含有长难句的，比较难理解，所以我们再谈一谈翻译长难句的问题，这也是同学们在日常复习中经常遇到的问题。在本阶段复习中，考生可以尝试翻译历年真题中阅读理解文章，这样即练习了翻译而且还准确的精读了真题文章，这个精读的过程是所有想在考试中取得高分的人必须经过的。也许前期比较痛苦，但是可以肯定的是翻译完20篇后你会感觉所有的考研文章就像是你平时看中文那样的简单了。因为翻译的过程就是分解句子的过程，当你习惯了这样的思维方式的时候，看到任何句子就会潜意识的去分析它，久而久之，看长难句就容易了，做阅读理解试题也就没那么难了。当然，这个过程是需要时间的沉淀的，不可操之过急。另外，你也可以把历年真题中，完形填空拿过来进行翻译训练，它们都是很好的阅读翻译资料。
在这里我们在单独提一下，真题的作用除了训练各部分解题能力以外，更重要一点是专项剖析各种题型解题思路。最好的方法是把过去的真题(至少10年)进行分类，把历年的阅读放在一起组成阅读专题，完型也放在一起组成完型专题，写作、翻译等也是一样的做法。然后一个专题一个专题的研究，从中寻觅命题者的命题思路，再从命题者的思路中去寻找化解的思路。最后，再让各种题型的规律特点的经验总结，结合大量的习题训练，做到熟能生巧的程度。在这个过程中，无论是阅读能力还是其他考查部分的做题套路，你都会有所长进。
英语考研辅导专家提醒广大20xx年的考生，英语阅读理解是英语中分值很大的一部分，考生一定要把握好阅读的训练和提高，增强阅读量和扩大词汇。
考研英语写作这一题型诞生于1991年，最初的几年还都是命题式作文，此后历经几次演变，才逐渐 形成了现在的考察模式：大小作文各考1篇；英语一大作文考图画作文，小作文考应用文；英语二大作 文考图表作文，小作文也考应用文。除此之外，还有一些规律性的内容可以总结。
Badmintom is a popular hobby in China. It is also my hobby. Since I was child,I have like badmintom. At my childhood ,I watch the badmintom copetition on TV,the competition was excing.
I first try badmintom in primary school,I didn’t like it because i often missed . I did’t realise how important it was to catch badmintom and a ccurate play. I know I wasn’t playing attention while our teccher was demonstrating how to do it. That time my skill was very bad. I didn’t like it.
Now,I am in Secondary school. When I was at last year. My classmates called me with them to join the badmintom club. they play with the unusual skills,I saw so many tricks there for I like badmintom again.
I thought it was cool strick,I asked them if they knew how to play and catch the badmintom. They did.
And now ,they teach me many new tricks,their skill is very good! I usually play it twice a week.
I like badmintom very much. Playing badmintom is fun and good for our health . I hope other student to play.
真题范文
The column chart allows us a holistic view of the choices after graduation in a certain college in 2013 and 2018. To be specific, the graduates choosing to work constitute a massive in 2013 and in 2018, followed by those going for further study ( in 2013 and in 2018) and those for starting a business ( in 2013 and in 2018). Overall, there is an upward trend in the choices of pursuing further study and starting a business, but a downward trend in choosing to work.
该柱状图让我们对某高校2013年和2018年的毕业选择情况有了整体了解。具体来说，2013年和2018年选择就业的毕业生分别占了和，其次是选择继续深造的毕业生（2013年为，2018年为）和创业的毕业生（2013年为，2018年为）。总体来说，选择升学和创业的人数有上升的趋势，而选择就业的人数则有所下降。
Such information brings clarity to the pattern of graduates’ choices, and it can be further interpreted as follows: Firstly, the shrinking number of graduates choosing to work is the result of sluggish job market. Secondly, the competitive environment is an impetus for the rising number of those advancing their studies. Thirdly, opportunities abound in the world today, and this led to a rise in the total number of college startups, but this group is still way outnumbered by the former two since very few people are prepared to face a volatile future.
该信息清楚地说明了毕业生的选择概况，并可进一步解释如下：首先，选择工作的毕业生人数减少，这是就业市场不景气的结果。其次，竞争环境激烈，这是推动升学人数上升的动力。第三，当今世界，机会比比皆是，这使大学生创业的总体人数有所上升，但这一群体仍然远远不及前两个群体的人数，因为很少有人做好准备，去面对一个不太稳定的未来。
In the final analysis, the number of graduates going for entrepreneurship is expected to keep growing in the near years, and it offers us a promising vision of a more dynamic market.
总之，毕业生创业的人数在近些年还会持续增长，这让我们有望看到一个更具活力的市场。
Stress is an inevitable part in our normal life. Many kinds of things, such as natural disasters, war and death can cause too much stress in our life. But according to a psychologist, on a day-to-day basis, stress may result from the small things: taking an exam, waiting in line, and having too many things to do in a limited time. We all need stress to add flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life, but too much stress can seriously affect our physical and mental well-being, It reduces the bodys immunity and harms the brain, If the stress lasts a long time, it may cause physical illness, insomnia, headaches, backaches, ulcers, high blood pressure-even heart disease. When stress does occur, its important to recognize and deal with it.
There ore some methods we can try. A large number of physical activities can reduce onxiety. Shoring our stress with others can be enormously helpful. Making time for fun such os listening to music may be good medicine. Sometimes even crying is on efficient way to releose stress.
经过第一阶段的学习，要总结规律和方法以更好地继续复习，比如：最适合自己的背单词方法和学习英语的最佳时间等等。第二阶段，要进一步归纳总结各个单项的出题规律和解题思路。下面仅介绍经验。
(1)阅读理解
在英语复习的过程中，阅读不是某个阶段应该做的事，而是和背单词一样，要贯穿始终。个人比较推崇的阅读方法是这样的：做每一篇阅读都先看题目和选项，把重要的人名，时间，原因等等选项中涉及的问题做标记，然后再看文章，有的放矢，带着任务去阅读，会发现很多段落和题目无关，省略不读，细读跟选项有关的段落。
这样一遍下来基本上解决3道题，剩下的两、三道题常常考察对文章整体思路和中心意义的把握，这就要重点阅读开头和结尾两段，一般的题目不会超出这样的思路。题目做完以后，不要着急再往下做新的篇章，要把这篇文章细看一遍，不会的单词要查阅记录，更重要的事把每个出题点细读一下，揣摩出题人的意图和角度，这样这篇阅读才算完成。
其次，做真题，推荐张剑黄皮书。今年英语81分的一位大神，把20xx年后十年真题一共做了四遍。后期至少保证每天两篇阅读。看翻译，琢磨句子结构。重复做题、看详解，一路下来水平自然就提高了。
(2)完形填空
完形填空是大家都比较头疼的一项，是考察大家对词汇、语法、结构和习惯用法的理解掌握，一般失分较多。做这一部分时，要迅速将文章浏览一遍，基本把握文章的逻辑和信息要点，要关注首尾两段，各段的首句和_关键词_。完型是考研的第一道题，答得不理想，会直接影响到后面的阅读，建议把完型作为最后一道题。
(3)翻译
考研的翻译不同于孤立的、没有上下文的单句翻译。要先通读并理解全文，并对文章内容和风格有一个完整和全面的认识，决不能拿来文章就翻译，看一句译一句，须知磨刀不误砍柴工。
有很多同学认为一字不漏地翻译出原文就是忠于原文的最稳妥、最可靠的办法，但实际上中英文是两种不同的语言文字，在词汇和语法上有较大的差异。如果死译、硬译或生搬硬套，只能使译文含糊不清，让人费解。所以，要注意词义在上下文中的一致，按照中文的行文习惯来翻译才是更可取的翻译方法。
(4)作文
作文可以放在下一个阶段重点突击，因为它属于单项之一，就在这里一并讨论。作文复习要记住总一句话--作文，不背是不行的。考研英语有A、B大小两篇作文。
小作文多重形式，不重内容，所以，应对小作文，要多背写作格式，像书信、便条和日记等等英语作文中特殊的写作格式都要牢记。对于大作文，更注重思想内容，语言的流利程度等等。特别是看图、表格作文，怎样开头，怎样布局谋篇和怎样收尾都是有模板可以参照的，所以，依然要多背范文。同时，对于社会上的热门话题也要及时关注，写作时才能言之有物。
Nowadays, _environmental protection_ seems to have become a very popular topic. Whether in cities or rural areas, we can see various warning signs calling for people to protect the environment; There are countless columns, reports, and advertisements on this topic on television and newspapers; With just a click on this topic on the internet, there is a lot of response... People seem to be in favor of protecting the environment and giving the earth a fresh face, but environmental protection cannot be achieved with just a word or action.
_Protecting the environment, starting from me_ is a well-known classic environmental term, but how to _start from me_? Perhaps at the beginning, we may adhere to ourselves for the sake of a better home, but when people around us do not do so and instead mock our own _immaturity_, and it seems difficult for us to immediately see that because of our good behavior, the surrounding environment becomes beautiful and moving, a persons _persevering_ heart begins to be confused, and there is a voice questioning in their heart: is it useful? As this idea grows, how many people still dont go back to their old _habits_? Yes, its _habit_.
People have become accustomed to using fast cars instead of walking, using lightweight and convenient plastic shopping bags instead of cloth bags, and using clean and inexpensive disposable tableware to eliminate the hassle of washing after meals... We have become accustomed to the various conveniences and benefits that modern life brings us, and we are no longer willing to return to the life of _working at sunrise and resting at sunset_; We are accustomed to the flickering neon lights at night, forgetting the peaceful moonlight in the lotus pond under the moon... These complex and intertwined modern _convenient_ lifestyles have also brought great troubles to the environment.
Of course, there are also many people who are willing to devote themselves to the cause of environmental protection, such as Zhang Zhengxiang, who is chilling, lonely, and stubborn, and known as the _madman_ in peoples eyes. Faced with the greedy, ignorant, and brutal environmental disruptors of Dianchi Lake, he bravely tied his life and the fate of Dianchi Lake tightly together, and with his indomitable persistence, he closed down 33 large and medium-sized mining, quarrying, and soil collection points in the Dianchi Nature Reserve.
And Wang Chengji, a farmer with only elementary school education, has transformed 3700 acres of barren mountains into a famous willow ditch with trees and water, thanks to his perseverance, indestructible courage, and perseverance. In our lives, there are still many people who want to do so, but environmental protection is definitely not a matter of two people, it is the responsibility of all of us humans. Perhaps we may not achieve the results of Zhang Zhengxiang and Wang Chengji, but as long as each of us takes good care of the environment, I believe that the earth will become increasingly pure and beautiful.
“保护环境，从我做起”是一句人尽皆知的经典环保用语，但是，该怎样“从我做起”呢？也许，一开始我们会为了美好的家园而恪守自己，可是，当身边的人都不这样去做，反而嘲笑自己的“迂腐”，而且我们似乎也难以一下就看到因为自己的良好行为周围环境就变得美丽动人时，一个人“死撑”的心便开始迷茫，开始在心底有一个声音质疑：有用吗？当这个想法越来越大，试问还有几个人不去重拾旧日那些“习惯”来？对，就是“习惯”。
人们已经习惯了用快速拉风的汽车代替了走路，用轻巧便捷的塑料购物袋代替了布袋，用光洁便宜的一次性餐具消除了餐后洗涤的烦恼……我们已然习惯了现代生活为我们带来的种种便捷与好处，我们已不甘回到“日出而作，日落而息”的生活；我们习惯了夜晚霓虹灯的闪烁，忘记了月下静谧的荷塘月色……这些繁杂交织的现代“便捷”生活也给环境带来了极大的困扰。
当然也有很多人不顾一切投身到环保事业之中，比如那个让人胆寒、孤独执拗的、人们眼中的“疯子”——张正祥，面对贪婪、愚昧、凶残的滇池环境破坏者，他勇敢地把自己的生命和滇池的命运紧紧地绑在一起，以他不屈不挠的执着封停了滇池保护区内33个大、中型采矿、采石、取土点。
而只有小学文化的农民王成吉，凭借坚忍不拔的毅力，坚不可摧的勇气和吃苦耐劳的精神将3700亩寸草不生的`荒山治理成了有树有水、远近闻名的柳沟……在我们的生活中，想这样的人还有很多，但是环保绝对不是一个两个人的事情，这是我们全人类的事。也许我们得不到张正祥、王成吉那样的成绩，但是，只要我们每个人都去用心呵护环境，我相信，地球会越来越纯净，越来越美好的。
In the picture, there shapes a sharp conflict between the goal keeper and the ball player. The former exaggerates the goal and minimizes himself in his mind while the latter thinks otherwise. Actually, both the goal and the keeper are just in normal size. What causes the problem is that they have overestimated the difficulty they are each faced with. Such attitude towards difficulty will surely produce negative effects on the results.
Difficulties are in the pathway of everyone. To overcome them, we must at first make correct judgment on the situation, which is based on confidence, courage and rational thinking. Lets take memory for example. In the process of learning, students need to remember a lot of things, such as Chemical Elements Periodic Table, ancient articles and mathematical formulae. But many complain that it is hard to remember them accurately and they are ready to give up when they feel so. On the contrary, those who learn successfully are confident about themselves and willing to try although they also feel difficult at first. And later they find the more they practise the memory, the easier it becomes to remember.
In conclusion, if we are to succeed in handling the difficult things, we must have self
confidence, judge the situation rationally and be courageous enough to keep trying.
The cartoon presents the Earth with a personified human face that seems quite unhappy. A examination of the picture immediately reveals that the source of its mood is the air pollution resulting from a huge number of automobiles spread around its surface.
The cartoon, no doubt, aims at alarming humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable production and usage of automobiles. However, the majority of people merely indulge in the celebration of the convenience brought by cars, while forgetting or simply neglecting their harmful impact on the atmosphere. Admittedly, there are various factors contributing to the current worldwide air pollution, but it is undeniable that the exhaust from automobiles is categorized as one of the major elements.
I would like to make the following proposals to solve this problem: firstly, we should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels. It should also be guaranteed that the clean energy be inexpensive so that it can be widely accepted. Besides, there should be attempts to develop possible transportation means, so that citizens can be diverted from dependence on cars. In short, it is humans‘ responsibility to resume clean air for Earth.
这幅漫画给地球呈现了一张拟人化的人脸，看起来很不开心。对这张照片的研究立即表明，其情绪的来源是大量汽车在其表面扩散造成的空气污染。
毫无疑问，这幅漫画旨在提醒人类，我们对汽车的贪得无厌的生产和使用给地球带来了沉重的负担。然而，大多数人只是沉迷于庆祝汽车带来的便利，而忘记或忽视了汽车对大气的有害影响。诚然，造成当前全球空气污染的因素多种多样，但不可否认的是，汽车尾气被列为主要因素之一。
我想提出以下建议来解决这个问题：首先，我们应该应用最尖端的技术，以采用新的能源形式来替代化石燃料。还应保证清洁能源的'价格低廉，以便被广泛接受。此外，应该尝试开发可能的交通工具，这样公民就可以摆脱对汽车的依赖。简而言之，为地球恢复清洁空气是人类的责任。
In the modern era of rapid development of science and technology, environmental pollution has been ignored by people. With people indiscriminately logging and increasing factories, the fresh air of the past has disappeared, and the ozone layer has also been severely damaged. What do the signs of this species indicate? It tells us that the once vibrant hometown has become a memory under human destruction. The clear creek has turned into a foul smelling ditch, the blue sky has been stained with black smoke into a smoky yellow, and the flying plastic bags have driven away the birds. The rumbling sound of machines has replaced the singing of birds.
In the past, no matter where I went, the air was always fresh and pure, and the sunlight was also very warm, making people feel comfortable. I dont know when they changed, and the air began to become turbid, making it difficult to breathe; The sunshine is not as warm as before, it has become dazzling. The environment has been damaged by people, and the earth is covered in scars. If humans do not save face for nature, of course, nature will not give them a way out. How many hills have devoured thousands of hectares of fertile land, and how many floods have destroyed lovely homes? In fact, this is the warning that nature sends to humanity.
I cant imagine what kind of tragic situation this world will be if we continue like this? There is no grass growing on the ground, the sky is filled with dust and sand, and humans will turn into piles of bones in the midst of devilish screams. At that time, we can only say that humans once belonged to the Earth, but the Earth will never belong to humans again.
In my current hometown, the streets are littered with garbage and a foul smell fills the air; On the river, due to the excessive discharge of chemical drugs into the water, fish float to the surface; In the sky, dust permeates the sky, making it difficult for people to open their eyes. All of this is caused by peoples lack of environmental protection. If this continues, people have not yet tasted the bitter fruit of environmental destruction. All species have become extinct, and the Earth will become a dead star. It will be too late to repent at that time. Before this, humanity, take action, for our signs, for the Earth, and even for ourselves, take action, protect our homeland, so that that moment will not come, and make the tree of life on Earth evergreen.
The excessive consumption of resources and pollution of the environment by humans has weakened and sickened a robust Earth. Soil erosion, endangered species, and continuous reduction of arable land are all caused by human neglect of environmental protection. If people continue to be stubborn, they will inevitably suffer the consequences of self destruction.
We only have one Earth, which is our mother, raising us and nurturing us to become successful. Protecting it is our responsibility. Lets join hands and strive to protect the environment of our hometown. Starting from me, starting from the small things around us, protecting the environment and saving the earth we rely on for survival!
在科学技术迅猛发展的现代，环境污染已被人们忽视，随着人们肆意地乱砍乱伐，工厂日益地增多，往日新鲜的空气已荡然无存，臭氧层也遭到了严重的破坏。这种种的征兆表示着什么？它告诉我们，昔日生机勃勃的家乡已经在人类的破坏下成了回忆，原来清澈的小溪变成了臭水沟，蔚蓝的天空被乌烟染成了烟黄色，漫天飞舞的塑料袋赶走了小鸟，机器的隆隆声代替了鸟儿的歌鸣声。
从前，我无论走到哪里，空气总是那么的新鲜、纯净，阳光也十分地温暖，让人感到舒适。不知从何时起，它们变了，空气开始变得浑浊，让人感到呼吸不畅；阳光也没有以前的和煦，变得刺眼。环境遭到了人们的破坏，地球已经遍体鳞伤。人不给自然留面子，自然当然也不会给人留后路，多少丘吞噬了万顷良田，多少洪水冲毁了可爱的家园，其实，这就是大自然向人类发出的警示。
真不敢想象，我们如果再这样继续下去，这个世界将会是一幅怎样的惨景呢？地上寸草不生，天空尘沙弥漫，人类将在魔鬼般的尖叫声中化成堆堆白骨。到那时我们只能说，人类曾经属于过地球，但地球将永远不会再属于人类了。
现在的家乡，街道上垃圾满地，臭味熏天；河道上，由于过多的化学的药物都排到了水里，鱼儿都浮上了水面；天空中，灰尘弥漫于苍穹上，让人睁不开眼睛。这一切的一切，都是因为人们不环境保护造成的`。长此下去，人们还没有尝到破坏环境的苦果，所有的物种已经灭绝，地球也将成为一颗死星，到那时候再悔悟可就晚了。在此之前，人类，行动起来，为了我们的迹象，为了地球，更为了我们自己，行动起来，保护我们的家园，让那一时刻不会到来，让地球这棵生命之树常青。
人类过度的消耗资源和污染环境，已经把一个健壮的地球折腾的体弱带病。水土流失，珍稀物种濒临灭绝，耕地不断减少……这一切都是因人类不注意环境保护造成的，如果人们再执迷不悟，势必将自食恶果。
我们只有一个地球，地球是我们的母亲，抚养我们长大，培养我们成才。保护它是我们的职责。让我们携起手来，为了保护家乡的环境而奋斗。从我做起，从身边的小事做起，保护环境，拯救我们赖以生存的地球！
毫无疑问，这幅漫画旨在提醒人类，我们对汽车的贪得无厌的生产和使用给地球带来了沉重的负担。然而，大多数人只是沉迷于庆祝汽车带来的便利，而忘记或忽视了汽车对大气的有害影响。诚然，造成当前全球空气污染的因素多种多样，但不可否认的'是，汽车尾气被列为主要因素之一。
我想提出以下建议来解决这个问题：首先，我们应该应用最尖端的技术，以采用新的能源形式来替代化石燃料。还应保证清洁能源的价格低廉，以便被广泛接受。此外，应该尝试开发可能的交通工具，这样公民就可以摆脱对汽车的依赖。简而言之，为地球恢复清洁空气是人类的责任。
提起考研阅读中的长难句，考研的人应该都不会感到陌生。而长难句的理解，不仅取决于词汇量，语法同样至关重要。而只用一本专门的语法书去看，不仅枯燥乏味，而且再看到长难句还是分析不了。因此，此阶段语法的复习主要是：先结合语法书，掌握所有核心语法知识；再结合具体句子分析，将理论与实践结合起来，扫清长难句分析的障碍——对此，我参考的是《阅读基础90篇》的“文章逐句精讲”版块。
具体而言，最开始复习重在掌握所有核心语法知识，虽然五大句型、主从复合句等语法知识我们在初高中都学过，但为了之后更好地分析长难句，故需借用语法书，系统地将所有核心语法知识进行梳理。
Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
Traveling alone is the only way to travel. If you take someone with you, you take your home with you. When you travel alone, you meet new people, have new experiences, and learn more about yourself.
When I traveled with my friend, I spend all my time with that friend. We eat together and sightsee together. When I travel alone, I spend my time looking for new friends. It is easy to fine other people, either other tourists or locals, to eat with or have a coffee with. When you share meals with strangers, they become friends.
When I travel with a friend, my routine is predictable. We maintain the same schedule that we do at home. When I travel alone, I adopt the rhythm of the place I visit. I might take a nap in the afternoon and eat dinner at 11 pm. I might go to a disco and dance all night.
When I travel with a friend, we know how we will react to things. When I travel alone, each new experience requires a new reaction. If I don’t try new things, I won’t be able to decide if I like something or not. Shall I ride an ostrich or eat one?
I think it is always important to do things on your own. You can fine new friends, collect new memories, and adopt different ways of doing things. Isn’t that the point of travel?
考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .
While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.”
The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Kinship” of being friends with 14 !
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1、 [A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when
2、 [A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D] advised
3、 [A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on
4、 [A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D] connected
5 、[A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D]examples
6、 [A]Insignificant [B]unexpected [C] unreliable [D]incredible
7、 [A]visit [B]miss [C] know [D] seek
8、 [A]surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D]resemble
9、 [A]again [B] also [C]instead [D]thus
10、[A] Meanwhile [ B]Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps
11、[A] about [ B] to [C] from [D]like
12、[A] limit [ B] observe [C] confuse [D]drive
13、[A] according to [ B] rather than [C] regardless of [D]along with
14、[A]chances [ B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions
15、[A] faster [ B]slower [C] later [D]earlier
16、[A] forecast [ B] remember [C] express [D]disruptive
17、[A] unpredictable [ B] contributory [C] controllable [D]disruptive
18、[A] tendency [ B] decision [C]arrangement [D]endeavor
19、[A] political [ B]religious [C] ethnic [D]economic
20、[A] see [ B]show [C] prove [D]tell
The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of honesty. Definitely，No one can deny the importance of it. Honesty is conducive to the harmony of human relationships. By being honest, we are more likely to win others’ trust and support, be understood even when we do something wrong and reduce unnecessary doubt when we express ourselves. To further illustrate the importance of honesty， I would like to take George Washington as a case in point: how could he, the cheery-tree-chopping boy who never lied to his father, build an image of integrity and win respect and trust from his people ?
From my perspective, at no time should we underestimate the power of being honest. when stuck in an embarrassing situation，we should remind ourselves that dishonesty and deception can merely win short-term trust，but only with honesty can we build an durable and steady relationships. “Honesty is the best policy.” A world-renowned philosopher also once said.
Bacteria are etremely small living things. while we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. one micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. an adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile( kilometer) tall.
Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. one cannot make out anything of their structure. using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking _hairs_ called flagella. others have only one flagellum. the flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.
From the bacteria point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. to a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. this is because they collide with the watery molecules and are pushed this way and that. molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacteria have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly eposed to a changing environment.
细菌是极其微小的生物。当我们用英寸或厘米来测量自己的大小时，细菌的大小是用微米来测量的。一微米是千分之一毫米：针头的直径约为一毫米。杆状细菌的长度通常为2-4微米，而圆形细菌的直径通常为1微米。因此，如果你把一个圆形细菌放大一千倍，它就只有针头那么大。一个成年人如果放大同样的大小，身高将超过一英里（公里）。
即使用普通显微镜，你也必须仔细观察才能看到细菌。使用100倍的放大倍数，人们发现细菌几乎看不见微小的杆状或点状。人们无法辨认出它们的结构。使用特殊的污渍，可以看到一些细菌附着在它们身上，看起来像波浪状的“毛发”，称为鞭毛。其他的`只有一个鞭毛。鞭毛旋转，推动细菌穿过水面。许多细菌缺乏鞭毛，不能靠自己的力量四处移动，而另一些细菌可以通过一些鲜为人知的机制在表面滑翔。
从细菌的角度来看，世界与人类截然不同。水对细菌来说就像糖蜜对我们来说一样粘稠。细菌太小了，它们会受到周围化学分子运动的影响。显微镜下的细菌，即使是那些没有鞭毛的细菌，也经常在水中弹跳。这是因为它们与水分子碰撞，并被推来推去。分子移动如此之快，以至于在十分之一秒内，细菌周围的分子都被新的分子取代了；因此，即使没有鞭毛的细菌也会不断地适应不断变化的环境。
People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons. Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college, They know that the job market is competitive. At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities. This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years.
Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences. This often means having the opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns. For most students, going to college is the first time they’ve been away from home by themselves. In additions, this is the first time they’ve had to make decisions on their own. Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves.
Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting. For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn’t relate to their career.
I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career. They should go to college to have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in.
人们上大学有很多不同的原因（例如，新的经历、职业准备、增加的知识）。你认为人们为什么上大学？用具体的理由和例子来支持你的答案。
人们进入学院或大学有很多不同的原因。职业准备对年轻人来说越来越重要。对许多人来说，这是上大学的主要原因，他们知道就业市场竞争激烈。在大学里，他们可以学习新的职业技能，并有很多机会。这意味着信息技术等职业在未来几年预计需要大量劳动力。
此外，学生们去学院和大学是为了获得新的.体验。这通常意味着有机会结识与家乡不同的人。对大多数学生来说，上大学是他们第一次独自离开家。此外，这是他们第一次不得不自己做决定。做出这些决定会增加他们对自己的了解。
除了寻求自知之明，人们还可以进入大学或学院，以扩展他们感兴趣的科目的知识。对许多人来说，这将是他们很长一段时间内学习与职业无关的东西的最后机会。
我建议人们不要那么专注于事业。他们应该上大学有新的经历，了解自己和他们生活的世界。
As is portrayed in the picture, a boiling hotpot contains various forms of both domestic and alien cultures. The hodgepodge could be categorized as a mixture of literature, moral values and performing arts. It reveals to us that our modern culture is netplicated and diverse.
如图所示，一个沸腾的火锅包含了各种形式的国内和国外文化。大杂烩可以被归类为文学、道德价值观和表演艺术的`混合体。它向我们揭示了我们的现代文化是复杂多样的。
I cannot help relating this picture to reality and wondering why this happened in reality. For one thing, the globalization has made it possible that the cultures from all over the world can meet and mix together and we can enjoy the benefits of alien cultures without going abroad. For another, the harmonious coexistence between the traditions and modern cultures gives us a rich identity and spiritual wealth.
我忍不住将这张照片与现实联系起来，想知道为什么会在现实中发生这种事。首先，全球化使来自世界各地的文化能够相遇并融合在一起，我们可以在不出国的情况下享受外来文化的好处。另一方面，传统文化与现代文化的和谐共生给了我们丰富的身份认同和精神财富。
What is right attitude we should take toward the phenomenon? First of all, we should get lost in face of the diverse cultures and values. We must remember we must preserve our own national and local cultures in which we take root. Secondly, in the mixture of cultures and values we must learn to distinguish the good from the harmful. We should absorb the nutritious good cultures and values but at the same time we must defend ourselves against the danger of being polluted by the bad cultures and values.
我们应该对这种现象采取什么样的正确态度？首先，我们应该迷失在多元文化和价值观面前。我们必须记住，我们必须保护我们扎根的民族和地方文化。第二，在文化和价值观的混合中，我们必须学会区分好坏。我们应该吸收营养丰富的良好文化和价值观，但同时我们必须保护自己免受不良文化和价值观念污染的危险。
Dear John,
I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.
To begin with, I usually get up early in the morning at six o’clock and then go out to do some exercise. To continue, I would like to spend my spare time in reading in the library. Meanwhile, I wonder if you could be so kind to offer me some proposals on how to get used to the life there.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
If I were to leave my home for a year, there is one thing I definitely would take with me: my cellphone. With my cell phone, I could call my friends or family if I ever was lonely, needed advice,or just wanted to talk.
If I were away from home for a year, I would be very lonely, especially in the beginning before Imade friends. If I could call my mother and father, I would hear their familiar voices and I wouldnot feel so lonely. Hearing my friends’ voices would also help me overcome my sadness.
I’ve never been on my own so there are many things I am not familiar with. I’ve never opened abank account, got a driver’s license, or made my own food. If I had to cook chicken orsomething, I could call up my mother and she could tell me how to make dinner.
Sometimes, I may just want to talk in my own language. With my cell phone, I could call my friends and tell them about my new life. This would make them jealous of me. I would call thema lot so they could hear all the wonderful things I am doing.
For me a cell phone is a necessity. I would need it anytime I was lonely, anytime I needed to dosomething I didn’t know how to do, and anytime I just wanted to talk. Of course, the phone bill will be sent to my parents.
说到私家车，不用说它们给我们带来了明显的优势。人们普遍认为私家车有各种各样的好处。首先，它们非常方便，我们可以随时开车送它们去任何地方；其次（另一方面），有了私家车，我们的生活会更好，工作效率会提高；更重要的是，拥有一辆汽车象征着你是一个成功的人在职业世界；最后但并非最不重要的是，…因此，私家车在我们的生活中具有重要意义。
Speaking of private cars, it goes without saying that they have brought us obvious advantages. People generally believe that private cars have various benefits. Firstly, they are very convenient, and we can drive them to any place at any time; Secondly (on the other hand), with private cars, our lives will be better and work efficiency will improve; More importantly, owning a car symbolizes that you are a successful person in the professional world; Last but not least, therefore, private cars have significant importance in our lives.
正如一枚硬币有两面/相反，…所造成的缺点是不容忽视的。私家车的缺陷主要表现在以下几个方面：一方面，私家车增多导致环境恶化和噪声污染；另一方面，交通事故在很大程度上归因于私家车的增加；此外，私家车由于消耗大量石油，导致了严重的.能源危机。
Just as a coin has two sides/opposite sides, the drawbacks caused by... cannot be ignored. The defects of private cars mainly manifest in the following aspects: on the one hand, the increase in private cars leads to environmental degradation and noise pollution; On the other hand, traffic accidents are largely attributed to the increase in private cars; In addition, private cars have caused a serious energy crisis due to their consumption of a large amount of oil.
我对此的态度是，我更喜欢私家车带来的上述积极影响/优点，而不是消极影响/缺点。我至少有两个基本的理由来证明我的观点。首先，我的想法是基于更多的私家车将有助于发展我国的汽车工业和国民经济。同时，如果采取严厉措施来避免汽车带来的不利影响，我们可能会有更光明的未来。这就是为什么我赞成第一段中提到的想法。
My attitude towards this is that I prefer the positive effects/advantages brought by private cars over the negative effects/disadvantages. I have at least two basic reasons to support my point of view. Firstly, my idea is that more private cars will contribute to the development of Chinas automotive industry and national economy. Meanwhile, if strict measures are taken to avoid the adverse effects of cars, we may have a brighter future. Thats why I agree with the idea mentioned in the first paragraph.
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in .
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due
[A] the high cost of operation.
[B] the pressure from its investors.
[C] the complaints from its readers.
[D] the increasing online ad sales.
37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should
[A] seek new sources of readership.
[B] end the print edition for good.
[C] aim for efficient management.
[D] make strategic adjustments.
can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”
[A] helps restore the glory of former times.
[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.
[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.
[D] expands the popularity of the paper.
believes that, in a changing world.
[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.
[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.
[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.
[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.
of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
我在此阶段仍在练习真题，但是侧重点不再是逐句研读真题，而在于做题的技巧与方法，以及写作的句式与语言表达方面。每天的真题复习时间为小时。
临考阶段——12月至临考前
临考阶段除了坚持词汇的记忆与试题的练习外，可以多翻阅之前做过的真题，做到心中有数即可。此外，调整心态，从容对待，以一颗平常心去应考。
知识的真理性只有经过检验才能得到证明，论辩是纠正错误的重要途径之一，不同观点的冲突会暴露错误而发现真理。
[参考主题]1。合作 2。和而不同 3。实践出真知4。全员决策
[主题]合作
[首段1]人们通过论辩纠正错误、发现真题，其实质是通过合作将不同观点碰撞以破谬存真，这启发了现代管理者：合作有助于企业发展。
[框架1]
1.合作有助于企业降低成本。
2.合作有助于企业提高效率。
3.合作有助于企业扩大收益。
[首段2]人们通过辩论纠正错误、发现真题，其实质是通过合作将不同观点碰撞以破谬存真，这启发了我们：无论个人、企业还是国家，合作都至关重要。。
[框架2]
1.合作有助于个人进步。
2.合作有助于企业发展
3.合作有助于国家繁荣
[主题]全员决策
[首段]知识的真理性只有通过检验才能证明，而论辨是纠正错误找到真理的重要途径，推而广之，从企业角度来看，全员决策才能追求真题。
[框架]
1.是什么
全员决策是企业通过所有员工参与到企业管理中，通过不同的观点的冲突碰撞，不断的论辨、讨从而结合企业的具体情况，参与到企业管理的过程。
2.为什么
① 全员决策可以提升企业文化凝聚力。
② 全员决策可以增强企业的辨识力，从而获得企业发展的正确方向。
③ 企业组织中的各个层级不同、员工的组织化程度不同、素质差异与利益诉求多元化，因此会存在很多不同的声音，势必会给企业带来新的难题。
3.怎么办
① 在全员决策中建立相应的保障机制。
② 在全员决策过程中摆脱传统的、以控制为核心的管理化过程。
③ 建立及时、全面的沟通机制。
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四六级英语拓展
我们从总体上把考研英语复习分为四大阶段。
Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled “After Graduation” In the essay, you should describe the picture interpret its meaninggive your opinion about the phenomenon.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Graduation is an important event for all of us. It is the divide between school and a full-time working life. After graduation, we are no longer students protected by parents and teachers, but a member of the real society. Let’s look at the picture first. A graduate is told by his teacher, “You must depend on yourself during your life journey after graduation…” He finds that some former graduates fly high into the sky while some experience a drastic fall.
The picture tells us a principle. Graduation is not the end of your education, but the beginning of your real journey. At school, we may find we are no different from our classmates. However, there will be a great gap between us after graduation. Some may try their best to improve themselves and become the mainstay of our ear era? While some are indulged in creature comforts and give up their initial ideals.
Therefore, we should remember that graduation is the beginning of our real life journey. If you want to be a person useful to society, you should make all efforts to learn as much as possible from others and improve yourself. In this way, you may fly high in the sky.
This pie chart clearly illustrates the purposes of students’ touring in a certain university. As is reflected by the diagram, 37 percent of college students travel in a bid to appreciating the scenery, next comes the aim of relieving pressure, accounting for 33% percent. By contrast, the percentage of students travelling aiming at others, making friends and cultivating independence account for 15%, 9% and 6% respectively.
Several primary factors could contribute to this phenomenon. In the first place, travel can offer us a wide range of experiences. In travelling, we may join tourists marveling at the incredible power of Niagara Falls, mingle with the happy throngs strolling in the Paris boulevards and experience the bitterness and joy of people on different lands and in different times. In the second place, college students, who have to juggle academic work, romantic relationships and a busy social calendar, are particularly susceptible to pressure. By touring, they can successfully manage and reduce stress.
Taking all these factors into consideration, we may predict that with the quickening pace of campus life and ever-increasing pressure, the number of university students touring will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.
Book Knowledge vs. Experience
书本知识与经验
Knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books.
知识可以从许多来源获得。其中包括书籍、教师和实践经验，每种都有自己的优势。我们从书籍和正规教育中获得的知识使我们能够了解日常生活中没有机会体验的事情。我们可以研究世界上所有的地方，向我们一生中永远不会遇到的人学习，只需在书中读到他们。我们还可以发展我们的分析技能，学习如何以不同的方式看待和解释我们周围的世界。此外，我们可以通过读书向过去学习。
In this way, we wont repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.
这样，我们就不会重蹈别人的覆辙，可以在他们的成就基础上再接再厉。
Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not.
另一方面，实践经验可以给我们更多有用的知识。有人说，一个人在实践中学得最好，我相信这是真的，无论一个人是否成功。
In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.
事实上，我认为犯错是最好的学习方式。此外，如果一个人想取得新的.进展，就必须采取行动。创新不是通过阅读产生的，而是通过实验产生的。最后，一个人可以将通过学习书籍获得的技能和见解应用于实践体验，使本已有意义的体验更有意义。然而，除非将其应用于真实的经历，否则书本知识仍然是理论性的，最终是无用的。这就是为什么我认为从实践经验中获得的知识比从书籍中获得的更重要。
Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
I would prefer to work in a large company rather than a small one. A large company has more to offer in terms of advancement, training, and prestige.
In a large company, I can start at an entry-level position and work myself up to the top. I could start in the mailroom and, once I know the company, can apply for a managerial position. In a small company, there is not as much room to grow.
In a large company, there are a variety of jobs. I could work in sales, in marketing, in distribution, in shopping, or in any department I applied for. I could be trained in a variety of positions and would have valuable experience. In a small company, there would not be the same opportunity.
In a large company, there would be more prestige. I could brag to my friends that I worked for one of the biggest companies in the world. I would always have something to talk about when I met strangers. If I worked in a small company, I would always have to explain what the company did.
Working for a small company would not give me the same opportunities for advancement or on-the-job training as working for a larger company would. Nor would I be as proud to work for a small company---unless the small company was my own.
Write an essay based on the following chart. you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).
某高校学生旅游目的调查
参考例文：
As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the purpose of students travelling abroad demonstrates obvious differences in one college of China. According to the data given, the purpose of enjoying the beautiful landscape takes a comparatively large share, accounting for 37%, while that of relieving pressure also takes away 20% of the whole proportion.
What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the rapid economic development of economy, people, including college students, are becoming increasingly wealthy, which enables them to afford the once-deemed- expensive oversea traveling. In order to enjoy the charming landscape all around the world, a large proportion of students choose to travel abroad. What’s more, along with the ever-accelerating improvement of economy and society is also the ever-increasing work and life pressure. Consequently, the purpose of relieving pressure ranks the second among all the purposes for folks to travel around the world.
In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that admiring the scenery and alleviating pressure will still be the main purpose for people to arrange a traveling to other countries.
作文解析
今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。
第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。
第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%， 另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。
最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1)thank him;
2)give your advice.
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)
下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：
称呼： Dear Jack注意称呼中，后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。
正文：建议大家三步走策略――简洁、直接、明了：写作目的、写作是由、重申目的。
第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.
第二段： 写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，如讲究学习方式、注重坚持、多多接触外文文化及语境。那本篇老师主要从前两个方面进行论述，表达如下：As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. At the top of list is the persistence due to the fact that you could deserve the position after days or years of efforts that you have had in the field. What’s more, you are supposed to pay more attention to the way in which you finish your major, for it plays a significant role in the process.
第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope that my suggestions can be in favor of your future study.
落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名： Li Ming特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。
整体成文如下：
Dear Jack,
I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.
As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. At the top of list is the persistence due to the fact that you could deserve the position after days or years of efforts that you have had in the field. What’s more, you are supposed to pay more attention to the way in which you finish your major, for it plays a significant role in the process.
Thanks again and I do hope that my suggestions can be in favor of your future study.
Sincerely yours,
1.考研英语经典作文话题汇总
考研英语作文必背范文例文
Dear David,
How have you been? I know it is a question for you to make a choice between an art exhibition show and a robot show. I am writing this email to suggest what I consider.
Here is my advice--the robot show. Firstly, I am impressed with a robot dancing hip-pop video sent by a Korean friend. You can imagine how interesting it is. Admittedly, the robot, to some extent, plays an important role in the future and will be as competitive edge across countries. In addition, you are energetic and innovative in AI, so it is a great opportunity for you to enjoy the fruitful events.
I hope you will show up in the robot show on Sunday. If possible, you could take pictures and share them with me.
Yours,
尊敬的大卫，
你最近怎么样？我知道在艺术展览和机器人展览之间做出选择是一个问题。我写这封电子邮件是为了建议我的想法。
这是我的建议——机器人秀。首先，我对一个韩国朋友发来的一段机器人跳舞的嘻哈视频印象深刻。你可以想象它有多有趣。诚然，在某种程度上，机器人在未来发挥着重要作用，并将成为各国的竞争优势。此外，您在人工智能方面充满活力和创新精神，因此这是您享受富有成果的`活动的绝佳机会。
我希望你能出现在周日的机器人秀上。如果可能的话，你可以拍照并与我分享。
In the past it was not uncommon for a man to die at forty, having lived a full life. But now we consider a lifespan of forty years to be very short. It is not unusual for people to live into their eighties and nineties, and some even reach 100. Whats more, people are living long, healthy lives and are active well into their “golden years”.
在过去，一个人过着充实的生活，在四十岁时死去并不罕见。但现在我们认为四十年的寿命非常短。人们活到八九十岁并不罕见，有些人甚至活到了100岁。更重要的是，人们健康长寿，并在“黄金岁月”中保持活跃。
Mankinds longevity is due mainly to advances in science and technology. Medical breakthroughs have eradicated many fatal diseases that were once common. Perhaps more importantly, better general health means that people are less likely to contract infections in the first place. Better health also helps people prevent slowly debilitating conditions, such as heart disease, which can take their lives at an early age. And as civilization has advanced, our living environment and sources of food have become more sanitary.
人类的长寿主要归功于科学技术的进步。医学上的突破已经根除了许多曾经很常见的`致命疾病。也许更重要的是，更好的总体健康意味着人们一开始就不太可能感染。更好的健康也有助于人们预防缓慢衰弱的疾病，如心脏病，这可能会在他们很小的时候夺走他们的生命。随着文明的进步，我们的生活环境和食物来源变得更加卫生。
Furthermore, work is now safer and not as taxing on the human body. We do not wear out after just a few years of very hard work. There are many reasons why people are now living longer than ever before. But what is more important is that they are living better as they live longer. It is my opinion that we have scientific and technological development to thank for this progress.
此外，现在工作更安全，对人体的负担也不那么重。经过几年的辛勤工作，我们不会筋疲力尽。人们现在比以往任何时候都长寿的原因有很多。但更重要的是，他们活得越久，生活得越好。我认为，我们的科学和技术发展要感谢这一进步。
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2)interpret its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。而且从十年的考研真题来讲，的大作文考查到的是赡养老人的问题，当年的图画是可怜的老父亲缩成了一只皮球，四个儿女守着四个球门，老人被儿女们踢来踢去。当年全国考生平均分分，难度系数，区分度为。当年的描述图画部分比较难表达，而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。下面我们就从写作的标准三段式来讲讲这三段我们应该怎么写。
第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画，需包括两点：三十年前是个什么样子，现在是什么样子。三十年前“我”还是个孩子，母亲大手拉小手陪伴着我成长;现在，母亲上年纪了，我快乐地陪伴在母亲的身旁。其实第一段还有两个需要注意的地方，一是题目要求是一幅图，大家在写作时尽量按照一幅图画去处理;二是图画下面的汉字“相携”比较难翻译，不过大家可以意译为陪伴。这两个地方不是大问题，因为它相对于作文要考查考生书面表达的要求来说是微不足道的。
第二段是图画涵义阐释段。本段可分两个方面来具体写。一方面具体写明要照顾老人，因为他们为我们付出了自己的青春;另一方面，我们要关爱儿童的成长，因为他们是我们的未来，祖国的希望。
第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该把尊重和照顾
年迈的父母视为一种道义责任。另外，父母也要关注孩子的成长。只有这样，我们的家庭才能和睦，社会才能更加和谐!
As is vividly described in the left part of the drawing, thirty years ago, there stood a delicate mother, holding the tiny hand of a lovely girl, who wore a red scarf. On the contrary, the right part of the picture illustrates that with time flying quickly, the little girl, who has already grown up as a gorgeous lady, is supporting her old mother. We are informed: accompanying.
It is without saying that the old and the young are two indispensable parts in society. On the one hand, what we have and enjoy now was created by our parents in the early days, as the old Chinese saying goes, “One generation plants tress under whose shade another generation rests”. On the other hand, all of us are supposed to take good care of the youngsters, too. It is children who make us see the future of our state, for they are the future builders of our country.
The young should consider it a moral obligation respecting and taking care of old parents. Meanwhile, it is also the duty of the parents to protect, educate and look after the youths. Let's bear this in mind and cultivate that virtue together, because only by doing so, can we feel as if we were living in a happy and harmonious family.
Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
(1)、12月前半个月每天抽出两个半小时，半个小时复习单词，一个小时复习前面做过的题(包括单项练习和套题练习)，一个小时写一篇作文(最好是一天小作文一天大作文，把时间卡号，写完之后再修改)。
(2)、12月后半月至1月初 至少每隔一天下午按照考试时间做一套题(距离考前还有半个月的时候可以做几套模拟题，但是距离考试不到半个月了就一定要做真题，把20xx年至20xx年的真题严格按照考试时间来做，保持考试的状态)。做完之后进行核对，查漏补缺，有不认识的重要单词要记下来，不断重复背诵。模拟做套题要当作正式考试来做，正式考试时当作模拟来做。最后，建议大家放松心情、增加自信，因为我们按计划一步一步扎扎实实地走过来，考试时只要像平时模拟那样做题就没问题!
英语作为一门语言，其特性决定了这门学科要想稳稳地拿分，就要长线投资，一点一点地不断积累知识，前期要投入大量的时间和精力把基础打扎实了，后期就可以相对少花些时间，从而为其他科目的复习让出时间。对于英语考试，应试技巧和押题可以在有一定技能基础上在复习后期时锦上添花，但如果基础不扎实，那么即使掌握再多的临场应试技巧也很难在分数上有一个飞跃，想在英语上临时抱佛脚取得好成绩，其成功的可能性微乎其微。好的开始是成功的一半，希望大家结合建议制定出适合自己的计划表，事半功倍，为取得考试的成功打下坚实的基础。
What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban residents and rural population among 1990, and .The number of urban residents climbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural population decreased slightly from about 820 million to 680 million or so in the same period.
It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this trend. On the one hand, with the rapid development of economy and society, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban life recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparative less developed and thus the opportunity to make money and pursue their future is as well lean. As a result, an increasing number of folks are trying to escape this destiny by flocking into the urban areas.
Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will surely continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years and due importance should be attached to this evident situation.
Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to
1)tell him about your living habits, and
2)ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.
Do not use your own name.
with the deepening of reform and opening-up of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. they insist that there are more modern research facilities, world famous professors and ecellent environment in some foreign colleges and universities, which lay a perfect foundation for their future development.
however, there are still many people who favor studying at home. they argue that, for one thing, studying abroad is too epensive and therefore doesn’t pay off. for another, there are no language and cultural barriers if they study in our country.
just as the old saying goes, “every advantage has its disadvantage,” so i believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. if students have the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. on the other hand, if conditions don’t permit, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. what counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn.
This picture is really thought provoking. As is vividly shown in the above picture, a book is lying above the grass and beautiful flowers. Beside it, there is a topic thatsays:“reading”. There is no denying that the picture implies that reading is of utmost importance to us.
这张照片真是发人深省。如上图所示，一本书躺在草地和美丽的花朵上方。除此之外，还有一个主题：“阅读”。不可否认，这幅图暗示着阅读对我们来说至关重要。
Considering every aspect of it, we may attribute its significance to three factors. First of all, reading can broaden our horizon, widen our knowledge and eich our experience. Besides, reading is to success what water is to a fish. It can put us in a favorable position in the job market. Last but not least, if all of us are willing to read more and extensively, our society will be more progressive and prosperous.
综合考虑它的方方面面，我们可以把它的意义归结为三个因素。首先，阅读可以拓宽我们的视野，拓宽我们的知识，增加我们的经验。此外，读书之于成功，正如水之于鱼。它可以使我们在就业市场上处于有利地位。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，如果我们所有人都愿意多读书、博览群书，我们的社会将更加进步和繁荣。
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that reading is indispensable in our daily life. Therefore, the mass media, such as television, Internet and radio, should try best to propaganda and advocate it. As for ourselves, we should take practical actions to enhance our awareness of reading. Then, we have every reason to be convinced that we can have a bright future and a beautiful world.
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