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小作文备考重“形式”
这里的“形式”指的是应用文的类型，小作文考察的一般是应用文文体，多是辞职信、道歉信、感谢信等20多种类型。小作文不需要华丽的词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球的文采，它着重考察的是考生能否以言简意赅的词句及一定的逻辑性，它需要考生将题目中的要求表达清楚，这非常考验考生的总结概括能力，换言之就是看考生能否将事情叙述清楚，表意明确。海天考研辅导专家认为，大家在英语小作文的备考过程中，不能认为只要看两篇就可以了，同大作文一样，小作文也需要你下一番功夫，真真正正地去练习，才能让自己能够把握小作文的写作精髓。
小作文类型全总结
应用文部分主要包括书信、摘要、备忘录、报告、便签五种文体，但从出题的角度看，后四种文体考到的机会非常渺茫，因此复习的重点应当是书信体。书信体具体包括个人信件，如朋友之间的感谢信、邀请信、道歉信和询问信等，还有商务信函，如求职信、辞职信、推荐信、求学申请信、投诉信和询问信等。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，小作文虽然分值不如大作文，但仍占有不小的比重，而且难度也不大，所以大家务必好好把握，让小作文变成你的得分点。
小作文的基本要求
用词准确是作文写作最基础的要求之一。在一篇作文当中，句子的句型可以多变，例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句，只要语法运用正确就没有问题，但大家的用词一定要准确，否则一切都是空话。另外，正式语言一般是写给具有正式的团体或机构，这种情况不能使用缩略语和口语用法。海天考研辅导专家提醒考生，除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体，像写给朋友的书信等。一般来说，小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合，所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言，使交流得以进行。
根据下面的汉语提示写一个60字左右的口头通知：
假如你是班长，你们要举办英语讲座(lecture)。
1 时间：3月1日星期五下午3 点至五点
2 地点：阶梯教室(lecture theatre)
3 讲座人：北京大学李平教授
4 报告的内容：怎样学英语
5 要求大家准时出席 (attend)，并且可以向他咨询有关英语学习的问题
英语通知应用文作文例文：
Announcement
Girls and boys / Ladies and gentlemen，
May I have your attention，please ? / Attention，please.
I've got announcement to make./ I'm very glad to tell you that an English lecture will be held in the lecture hall / theater from 3 .to 5 . on Friday，March will be given by Professor Li Ping from Beijing University. The topic is“ How to learn English well”。You may take notes if you like. And you may ask any question on English learning / study after the lecture. Please attend the lecture on time / don't be late.
That's all，thank you.
2、 邀请信
下星期一是Jenny的生日，她的父母亲要在家里给她办一个晚会。Jenny要邀请些朋友参加，晚会6：30开始。请你帮她写信邀请Jane。日期是5月18日。
May18th
Dear Jane,
I'd like to invite you to join my birthday party. Next Monday is my birthday. My parents will hold a party for me at home. It will begin at half past six. I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Jenny
To Introduce Myself
Hello, everyone!My name is Winnie. I'm a 15-year-old girl. I live in the beautiful city of Rizhao. I'm an active, lovely, and clever girl.
In the school my favorite subject is math. Perhaps someone thinks it's difficult to study well. But I like it. I believe that if you try your best, everything can be done well.
I also like sports very much, such as running, volleyball and so on. I'm kind-hearted. If you need help, please come to hope we can be good friends!
OK. This is sunny girl.
I have a small bedroom, it's on the third floor in my house. there is a small bed, a nice wardrobea and a small table in my room. the bed is on the left side of the table. the wardrobe is on the right, it is very beautiful. there is a lamp and a clock on the table, the lamp is green, the clock looks like an orange, it’s smart.
my bedroom is small, but it’s very comfortable.
【篇首句】介绍自己，简要说明信息来源，并提出申请。
1. I'm Li Hua, from Class One, Senior Two.
我是李华，来自高二一班。
2. I have read in the newspaper that a secretary is wanted in your company.
我在报纸上看到你们公司在招聘一名秘书。
3. I read the announcement of the Experience Life that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
4. I am extremly pleased to see your advertisement for an English tutor(家庭教师/助教)in the newspaper.
我很高兴在报纸上看到你们招聘家庭教师/助教的广告。
5. I am writing to apply for the summer camp in your school.
我写信是想申请加入你们学校的夏令营。
6. I am writing to tell you that I'm suitable for the job you are advertising.
我写信是想告诉你，我适合做你们在广告上刊登的这份工作。
【篇中句】突出自己特点，具体说明胜任理由。
1. I think I'm qualified for the position.
我认为对于这个职位我是有资格的。
2. In the first place, I have strong written and spoken communication skills.
首先，我有很好的写作和交流技巧。
3. What's more, I am well acquainted with the western culture.(be acquainted with 熟悉)
而且，我非常熟悉西方文化。
4. Last but not the least, I have good personality, and I am independent in life.
最后但也是很重要的一点是，我有很好的性格，并且在生活中很独立。
5. I think it's of great use to me. For one thing, I can gain some experience for my future job; for another, I can make more friends.
我认为它对我是有好处的。一则，我能够为未来的工作获得经验;二则，我可以交到更多的朋友。
6. I am sure I can do my best in the job.
我保证在工作中会尽最大努力。
【篇尾句】请求给予机会，期望尽快回复。
1. I will be much grateful if you can give me the opportunity.
如果你能给我这个机会，我会非常感激。
2. I hope you can offer me the opportunity.
我希望你能提供给我这个机会。
3. I hope I can be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
我希望我能够成为你们夏令营的一员。
4. If you need to know more about me, please contact me at 189......
如果你需要了解我更多，请给我打电话189......
5. I am looking forward to your early reply.
期待你的早日恢复。
6. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
期待早日收到你的来信。
May day is coming. I’m so happy because my father and my mother take me to wu quan park this holiday.
In the park, I see many trees and beautiful flowers. There are many children and many happy playing games, parents take me to the zoo. There are lions, tigers, eagles, bears, deer, monkeys, and so on. I like the monkeys best because they are very clever and they make us laugh. How lovely they are!
I have a good time that day. What a beautiful and happy holiday.
The Way to Keep Healthy
It's important for us to be healthy in our life. We can't study or work well without healthy body.
There're many ways to keep healthy. First of all, we should keep taking exercise every day. We can walk to school instead of taking a bus. After school, we can spend an hour playing ball games. If we live in a high-rise, we can walk upstairs or downstairs. Second, we should have a balanced diet.
Finally, we must remember: Early to bed, early to rise is the way to keep healthy, wealthy and wise.
这次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中鱼跃龙门!
hello!my name is am a like speaking english very go to school five days every day i go to school on foot. because my school is not near my like my are about 3500 students and 54 teachers in my i study grade are 45students in my english teacher is tall and handsome .i love him very much. welcome to my must be very happy.
1. 外籍教师Lynne任教期满准备回国，学校答应派车送她去机场。她在临行前一天写了张便条提醒办公室李老师：
1)．请检查(check on)明天的车是否落实，提醒司机(remind sb. of sth.提醒某人做某事)。
2)．她之所以要确定一下，是因为太早不好叫出租车。 3)．感谢费心，并感谢一年来的关心。
4)．在学校一年来，生活愉快、难忘，很可能再来。
5)．留下一些英语书给贵校图书馆，希望对学生有用。 字数：100―120个词。
Hi, Mr. Li,
Could you please check on the car to take me to the airport? Please remind the car driver of this. I want to be sure of this car, because it will be too early in the morning to call a taxi if the school car doesn’t show up. I am sorry to trouble you again. Here I thank you again for all that you have done for me during my stay in your school. I really enjoy teaching here, and will never forget the day I spent with my students. Probably I will come back some day. I leave some English books to your library. I hope they will be useful to your students.
Yours
Lynne
2. 假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
①．游客多，交通堵塞 ①．建于19，中外闻名
②．郊区环境好 ②．搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：1)．词数100字左右，信的`开头已为你写好。
2)．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3)．参考词汇： 郊区―suburb
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor ,
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city . Some of my classmates are in favor of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well Cknown at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
3. 假设你的英文名为Jack，是英国诺丁汉大学的中国留学生。你负责为在该校就读的32名中国学生筹划圣诞节期间的苏格兰之行，为期7天，请你给诺丁汉的STA（Students’Travel Agency）经理Phil发一封电子邮件，联系有关事宜。要点如下：
（1）希望能够派车接送； （2）需要一名说标准英语，并非常熟悉苏格兰的导游；
（3）请求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅馆、费用等情况；
（4）你的联系方式：电子邮箱地址：Jackwang@或电话号码：07747745007
注意：（1）词数：100词左右；（2）开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数；
（3）参考词汇：旅馆住宿accommodation；旅行日程安排itinerary；长途客车coach
Hi, Phil,
I’d like you to organize a trip to Scotland for us. I have here a group of 32 Chinese students studying in Nottingham University, who want to go on a seven-day tour during the Christmas days. I hope we can have a coach which will take us to Scotland and then bring us back to Nottingham. We also need a guide who speaks standard English and knows Scotland well. I would be very grateful if you can work out an itinerary as soon as possible and tell me about our accommodation, meals as well as how much each of us has to pay. If you have any information, please either email me to Jackwang@ or call me at 07747745007.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours Truly.
Jack
中考英语作文面面观-应用文
一、书信
书信我们分为两部分：信封和内容。
1、信封的写法。
英语信封正面的左上角，写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点，写收信人的地址和姓名。
英语信封上的地点名称由小到大，视其长短可占二至五行不等。
寄信人只写姓名，不写头衔。但是，收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔，以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士，通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。
信封的写法，一般来说，很少出现在中考英语的作文中。
2、内容。
英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。
1）信端（Heading）即写信人的`地址和发信日期。
2）收信人姓名地址
3）称呼
4）信的正文
5）结束语
6）签名
有的时候，出题者会让考生写e-mail。e-mail的写法和书信的写法基本一致。只不过少了书信在信封上的繁琐。
（北京）根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。
假设你叫王明，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。
Dear David,
I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
二、发言稿
发言稿要注意以下三点：
1、发言的地点
2、发言的对象
3、发言的内容。
请看例文：
（20河北）在一次英语班会上，老师请同学们以“Proud of My School”为主题发言。请根据下面所给的提示写一篇发言稿。字数要求在80～100词之间。文中不得出现真实的人名、地名。
提示：①What does your school look like？
②What fun do you have at school？
③Why do you like your school？
Proud of My School
My school is very big with several tall buildings. There are 2，000 students in my school. We have a big playground with lots of trees around it. There are a lot of flowers everywhere.
We have lots of fun at school. After class we play games and do lots of sports, like a big family. The teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.
三、通知
通知的正文一般都是写在“Notice”以词之下，一般来说不必写称呼语和结束语。出同时的单位名称可以写在notice之上，也可以写在正文的右下角。
正文一般采用文章式，有时为了醒目，也可采用广告式。广告式要力求简明扼要，一个句子可分几行。每行第一个字母一般要大写。
看例文：
（年湖北）明天（星期五）全班同学将去参观科学博物馆（the Science Museum），由你（班长）通知全体同学。（通知的开头和结尾已给出）内容如下：
1. 早上8点钟在校门口集合，步行前往。
2. 下星期一交一份有关参观的报告。
3. 参观时要认真听，仔细看并记下有趣的东西。
4. 不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照。
5. 带笔和笔记本。
要求：①不要逐句翻译。 ②字数60～80。
Fellow students，
We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please don't make any noise in the museum and don't take any pictures. You'll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.
Thank you.
四、启事
启事是一种公告式的应用文。团体或个人如有什么事情要向大家公开说明或对公众有什么要求，可将要说的话写成启事，张贴在布告栏上或登在报刊上。启事一般无固定格式，要求简明扼要即可。
假设你叫高迪，是高一（2）班的学生。你在10月16日晚上把一本《牛津高级英汉双解字典》丢在阅览室里，用英语写一则寻物启事，贴在餐厅前的留言板上，请捡到者交给你或你班班长。启事时间：10月17日
Lost
October 17th
On the evening of October 16th,I left my Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictienary in the is the finder please send it to me in Class Two,senior Grade One or to our monitor?Thank you very much.
Gao Di
(Loser)
五、海报
海报是一种带有装饰性的宣传广告。有时配以绘画图案。内容以影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等为主。为了尽可能使更多的人知道，海报往往贴在醒目之处。
请以学生会文体部的名义为一场篮球友谊赛写一份海报，内容如下：
1. 参加者：美国北地中学校队和我校校队
2. 地点：水泥球场
3. 时间：2005年11月20日（星期天）下午4点
4. 组织者：我院学生会文体部
5. 海报发出时间：2005年11月14日
POSTER
Friendly Basketball Match
Under the auspices of the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students' Union of our school,a friendly basketball watch will be held between the visiting Team and ours on the cement basketball count on Sunday, November20th 2005 at 4:00 .
the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students' Union
November14th 2005
下面几个题目请大家认真思考。
1. 假设你叫王萍，是某电视台英语频道“School English”栏目的忠实观众。请根据下列信息给该栏目的主持人Cathy写一封英文信，并表达你对这个栏目的良好祝愿。
优点：内容丰富（有故事、游戏、英语歌曲等），有利于提高英语水平（词汇量、听说能力）；能了解更多的外国文化
不足：语速有点快；每周只播出两次
要求：①语句通顺，合乎逻辑。
②字数80～100词
2.一些英国朋友要来参加你们班的英语晚会，作为主持人，你需要用英语准备一份60～80个单词的欢迎辞。欢迎辞必须包括以下内容：
①the number of students(boys 32,girls 28)
②what do you think of English
③how do you learn English in your free time
④your English programs
⑤ending(结束语)
3. 请以学生会的名义拟一份80词左右的书面通知。内容如下：北京语言大学（Beijing Language University）的史密斯教授将于11月14日（星期一）晚上7点在学校礼堂做关于如何学习英语的讲座。欢迎全体师生参加。要求：①带上笔记本做笔记。②按时参加。发通知时间2005年11月10日。
4. 玛丽捡到戒指一枚，她在宿舍门口贴了一张非常简单的失物招领。她的电话是235-0285。请写出这一启事。
5. 请为一场足球赛写一则海报，内容如下：
①参赛队：中国队――韩国队
②时间：12月10日晚8点
③地点：北京工人体育场
④票价：180元，280元，380元
⑤贴海报日期：2005年11月30日
6、 通知
A. 明天(星期五)全班同学将去参观科学博物馆(the Science Museum)，由你(班长)通知全体同学。(通知的开头和结尾已给出)内容如下：
We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please dont make any noise in the museum and dont take any pictures. You will have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.
跟随的同学们，
我们明天要去参观科学博物馆。我们将在早上八点在学校门口集合，我们将步行去那里。带上你的笔和笔记本。我们应该听仔细看并记下有趣的东西当你参观博物馆。请不要大声喧哗的博物馆和不带任何图片。你要下星期一交一份有关访问的报告。
谢谢你们。
秋游通知 Notice of the autumn outing
Notice December 25th, 2008 The freshmen of our college will go out for an autumn on December 27th. We’ll first go to the botanical garden and see an exhibition on Human & Nature there in the morning. We plan to have a picnic in the garden. Please bring lunch and some drinking water with you. After that, we’ll pay a visit to the Summer Palace where we’ll spend the whole afternoon. Please gather at our college gate at 7:00 . on that day. Those who want to take part in the activity should enter your names at the Students’ Union before Thursday. The StudentsUnion
通知十二月二十七日，我校的一名新生将于2008年12月25日在一个秋天外出。我们将首先去植物园，在那里看到一个关于人类和自然的展览，在那里。我们计划在花园里野餐。请带上午餐和饮用水。在那之后，我们将参观颐和园，我们将在那里度过整个下午。请收集我院门口7:00的那一天。那些想参加活动的人应该在星期四之前在学生会上输入你的名字。学生会
一则口头通知 A Verbal Notice
Hello, everyone! May I have your attention, please? We will have an outing this weekend, and we will go to the People’s Park to have a picnic. Please prepare your food and snacks before Saturday. I will go to the market to buy some on Friday. We will go there by bus at 8:30. Please gather together at the school gate at a quarter pass eight. That’s all. Thank you!
大家好！请注意，这个周末我们将举行一次郊游。我们会到人民公园野餐，请大家在星期六前准备好食物和零食。我会在星期五到超市买些东西。我们将会乘坐公共汽车去，请大家8:15分在学校门口集合。谢谢！
中考英语作文应用文 寻物和招领 Lost and found
7、 启事(寻物和招领)
A. 假设你叫高迪，是高一(2)班的学生。你在10月16日晚上把一本《牛津高级英汉双解字典》丢在阅览室里，用英语写一则寻物启事，贴在餐厅前的留言板上，请捡到者交给你或你班班长。启事时间：10月17日
On the evening of October 16th, I left my Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary in the reading-room. It is new. Will the finder please send it to me in Class Two, senior Grade One or to our monitor? Thank you very much.
失去了
十月十七日
在十月十六日的晚上，我把我的牛津高阶英语词典丢在阅览室。这是新的。请把它给我在二班，高一年级或我们的班长？非常感谢你。
Lost 寻物启事
作文一：
At 9:30 . this Saturday, Mr. Perkin carelessly lost his suitcase when he went to Jin Ancestral Temple from Yingze Street by bus.
The suitcase is square, orange color and made of leather. On it there is a metal handle to which a label is tied. And Perkins name is written on the label. Inside the suitcase is a camera made in Japan, several rolls of film and two woolen jackets.
In the packet on the front cover puts a Chinese-English dictionary and two letters from U. S. A. In the back packet is a wallet with 1,000 dollars and a train ticket from Taiyuan to Beijing inside.
Will the finder contact with Mr. Perkin, please? His telephone number is 7075441. Many thanks to the finder from Mr. Perkin.
本星期六上午九点半，Perkin先生从迎泽乘公共汽车去晋祠时，不慎将手提箱丢失。
手提箱为方形、桔色、皮制。提箱上有一个系着标签的金属提手。标签上写着Perkin的名字。箱内有一日本相机，几卷胶卷和两件毛料上衣。
箱前的口袋里放着一本汉英词典和两封美国来信。箱后有一装有1000美元的钱包和一张从太原到北京的火车票。
请拾到者与Perkin先生联系，他的电话号码是7075441。Perkin先生将不胜感激。
作文二：
Mr. Perkin carelessly lost his suitcase at 9: 30 . this Saturday when he took a bus from Yingze Street to Jin Ancestral Temple.
It is an orange square leather suitcase with a metal handle on it. A label with Perkins name is tied to the handle. Inside the suitcase is a camera made in Japan, several rolls of film and two woolen jackets.
There is a Chinese-English dictionary and two letters from America in the packet on the front cover and in the back packet is a wallet with 1,000 dollars and a train ticket from Taiyuan to Beijing inside.
Will the finder get in touch with Mr. Perkin, please? His telephone number is 7075441. Mr. Perkin will appreciate the finder very much.
本星期六上午九点半，Perkin先生乘公共汽车从迎泽去晋祠时，不慎将手提箱丢失。
手提箱为方形、桔色、皮制，其上有一个金属提手。写着Perkin名字的标签系在提手上。箱内有一日本相机，几卷胶卷和两件毛料上衣。
箱前的口袋里有一本汉英词典和两封美国来信。箱后口袋里有一个装有1000美元的钱包和一张从太原到北京的火车票。
请拾到者与Perkin先生联系，他的电话号码是70754xxx。Perkin先生非常感激拾到者。
11、 明信片
Jenny正在北京玩，她昨天去参观长城，很快乐。她要把长城介绍给她的父母，长城大约6500公里长，用大石头在大山上建成的，她很高兴自己成为一个真正的好汉。请帮她写一份明信片，上面有一张长城的图片。时间是2月4日，星期四。地址是加拿大阿尔伯特省艾得蒙顿市公园路522号。
Thursday, February 4th
Dear Mom and Dad,
We are having fun in Beijing. Yesterday I visited the Great Wall. It is about more than 6500 kilometers long. It is so long and so great. Do you know? It is mostly made of big stones. It is made at the top of the big mountains. Here is a picture of it for you. I'm proud of myself because I have become a true man.
I miss you.
Love,
stamp
Mr. and Mrs. Smith
522 Park Road
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada T2k 5g6
1.一篇应用文（Lost）
假定你是初三（1）班的李霞，你五月十四日晚上在阅览室里丢失了一个绿色书包，内有两本英语书，一个铅笔盒，一个MP3及自行车钥匙。你非常着急。 请你根据以上提示，用英语写出一则50词左右的寻物记事。
May15th
I left a green school bag in the reading-room on the evening of May14th. There are two English books,a pencil-box , an MP3 player and the key to the bike in it. Now I’m very worried about it . Will the finder return it to Li Xia of Class 1, Grade 3? Thanks a lot!
Li Lei
Found
June 26th
I found a cell phone on the playground on June 25th. Anyone who lost it, please come to Class3, Grade 3 of No. 2 Middle School or call on 1395052666.
Zhou Hong
I have a busy father. He works in a big office. He has a big is busy every day. He has many thing to do. He has no time to go home for lunch. He gets home at 7:00 . At home he does the housework. He cooks nice dishes for mother and weekends , he often goes to the park with me. Sometimes he goes to swim with me ,too. I like to stay with my is a good father , he is also a happy business man.
On the evening of October 16th, I left my Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary in the reading-room. It is new. Will the finder please send it to me in Class Two, senior Grade One or to our monitor? Thank you very much.
5、 发言稿
假定你班今天下午要开一次以Keep Our School Clean为主题的英语班会，请以班长的身份准备一篇70词左右的发言稿。
提示：不随地吐痰，不乱扔垃圾，不在墙壁上乱涂乱画，每天保持教室内外清洁等(不要逐句翻译)
Good afternoon, everyone!
We're studying in this school. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy. It's not polite to spit in public places, such as in the library, in the classroom. We should neither draw pictures on the walls nor throw any litter onto the ground. I think we must make it a rule to do some cleaning every day. If everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school will be more beautiful.
That's all. Thank you!
南京师范大学编
江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室
Ⅰ 课程性质与课程目标
一、课程性质和特点
《英语应用文写作》课程介绍了以书信为主的英语应用文的结构和特点，提供各类应用文的常用句型与表达方式，并通过实例说明每种写作原则与注意事项，帮助学生学习多种商务信函的写作，包括建立商业关系、询价、投诉及理赔、推销信、致谢信、邀请信、求职信、个人简历、便函、会议记录、报告等。课程还通过丰富的练习，帮助学生全面提高英语应用文写作能力与英语语言沟通技巧。
二、课程目标（评价目标）
通过英语应用文写作课程的学习，学生能够熟练使用基本的应用文写作方法和技巧，能独立撰写意思清晰，用词恰当，条理清楚、符合国际标准的各类英语应用文。
英语应用文写作课程设置的目标是使得考生能够： 1、熟悉并学会使用英语应用文常用词汇和语句；
2、了解并熟悉国际标准的英语应用文，特别是商业书信和其它文件格式和通行规范；
3、掌握在涉外商务和其它国际交往中必备的书面表达技能技巧； 4、拓宽有关涉外业务的文化知识与英语语言知识。
三、与相关课程的联系与区别
本课程可以帮助学生掌握英语应用文写作的要求以及常用表达文本格式，辨别英语应用文在语言文体上的特点，从而更好地掌握英语语言。 英语应用文写
作课程的先修课程是基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语等。本课程所学基本词汇和基本句型与基础英语、英语写作、英语阅读、英语口语的基本词汇和基本句型相互渗透，相辅相成。通过学习本课程，学生的实际语言运用能力能够得到提高，且能为后续的专业课程的学习打好基础。
四、课程的重点和难点
见课程内容与考核要求。
Ⅱ 考核目标
本大纲在考核目标中，按照识记、领会、应用三个层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。三个能力层次是递进关系，各能力层次的含义是：
1、识记：能知道有关的名词、概念、知识的含义，并能正确认识和表述，是低层次的要求。
2、领会：在识记的基础上，能全面把握基本概念、基本原理、基本方法，能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系，是较高层次的要求。
3、应用：在理解的基础上，能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法联系学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题，是最高层次的要求。
Ⅲ 课程内容与考核要求
第一单元 商务英语写作规范 Unit 1 BUSINESS STYLE
一、学习目的与要求
本单元主要讲述英语应用文中最重要的部分商务英语写作的基本概念，商务英文写作的文体风格，语言特点。要求学生掌握应用文，特别是商务英语写作所要求的“5 C”基本原则，即Clarity清楚, Conciseness简洁, Correctness正确, Concreteness具体, 和Courtesy礼貌。同时，还要求学生了解商务英语写作的组织步骤。
二、课程内容（考试内容）
1. 5Cs’Principle of Business Writing
Clarity Conciseness
Correctness Concreteness Courtesy
2． Organization of Business Letter
Introduction Body Closing
三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记：5C原则
clarity（清晰性）conciseness（简洁性）correctness（正确性） concreteness（具体性）courtesy（礼貌性） 应用：5C原则指导下的商务英语写作 四、本章关键问题
商务英语写作的基本要求。
第二单元 信函格式 Unit 2 LETTER FORMAT
本单元主要介绍商务信函的组成要素、格式、写作要求和英文信封的写法以及打印方式。要求学生能够：
1．掌握商务信函的组成部分及格式与布局。 2．掌握不同格式下商务信函各组成部分的位置。
3．掌握商务信函中日期、地址、称呼、结尾敬语的写法。 4．熟悉商务信函的撰写与普通信函的异同。 5．掌握英文商务书信信封的写法。 二、课程内容
Structure of a Business Letter 商务书信结构
Letterhead, Date, Inside Name and Address, Attention Line, Salutation, Subject line, Body, Complimentary Closing, Signature, Reference, Enclosure, Carbon Copy.
2. The Layout of a Business Letter 商务书信格式
Full-Block, Blocked, Semi-Blocked, Simplified. 3. Addressing an Envelope 信封写法
三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
应用：书写格式正确完整的英文商务书信，以及信封。 四、本章关键问题
英文商务书信格式和组成部分。
第三单元 建立商业关系
Unit 3 ESTABLISHING BUSINESS RELATIONS
了解写作建立商业关系信函的目的，了解建立商业关系的几种常用途径。掌握建立贸易关系信函的写法、相关术语和表达以及一些常用语句。掌握公司介绍的方法。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of establishing business relations Company Introduction a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions: 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ① 什么是商务贸易关系，建立商贸关系的重要性；
② 建立商贸关系信函的写法； ③ 如何进行公司介绍。
应用： 写作建立商务贸易关系的信函。 四、本章关键问题
如何写好建立商务关系的信函，如何介绍公司单位。
2．Structure of the letter of establishing business relations
第四单元 询问信函 Unit 4 REQUEST LETTERS
了解询问求助信函的写作目的，掌握写作技巧和策略，写作询问求助信函常用语以及回复函的写法。能够以买家或求助者的角色写询问信函，寻求各种信息或帮助。掌握有关询问商品价格及答复的各种商业术语和表达方法。 二、课程内容 1．Introduction
Inquiry
Inquiry Reply
2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记：询问信的写作目的和要素。要求出口商报价和回复报价的常用术语。 应用：根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的询价信函和回复函。 四、本章关键问题
询问信及询价信函的写作目的和要素及常用术语。
第五单元 报盘与还盘信函
Unit 5 QUOTATION, OFFER AND COUNTER-OFFER
了解国际商业贸易中有关商品报价实盘和虚盘的区别，报盘的组成部分，报盘的各种条款。掌握对外贸易信函中报盘的相关表达方法，常用术语。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Quotation and Offer
Firm Offer and Non-firm Offer Counter-Offer 2．Structure
a) Opening
b) Body c) Closing 3. Terms and Conditions
a) Terms of price b) Terms of payment
4．Sample Letters
识记： 报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款 Terms and Conditions (FOB, CIF, C&F, L/C, etc.) 应用： 根据要求，写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的报价、报盘和返盘等国际贸易信函。 四、本章关键问题
报价Quotation, 实盘Firm Offer, 虚盘Non-firm Offer, 返盘Counter-Offer, 报价条款。
第六单元 订购与合同
Unit 6 ORDER AND CONTRACT
了解国际贸易中订货信函的主要内容，掌握此类信函的典型句型和常用表达。掌握订单的相关知识和写作方法；了解怎样进行订单、确认订单、取消订单；掌握与订单相关的重点词汇和词句。了解定购合同和销售合同的内容和书写格式，掌握相关的内容及常用的固定搭配及惯用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Placing Order Purchasing Order Order Acknowledgement Sales Confirmation 2．Structure
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing
3. Sample Letters
识记：订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式，常用语句。 应用：根据要求写出格式正确，信息完整，语言清晰简洁的订货信函、订单、确认订单和合同。 四、本章关键问题
订货信函的主要内容，订单，确认订单以及合同的书写格式。
第七单元 支付与催款
Unit 7 PAYMENT AND COLLECTION LETTERS
熟悉并掌握不同的付款方式：付款交单、承兑交单、信用证方式付款。 熟练掌握信用证付款方式的有关知识和写作方法。掌握与付款、催款相关的重点词汇和表达方式。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Payment
Remittance 汇付 Collection 托收 Letter of Credit 信用证
Credit Application Letters 信用申请信函 2．Collection Letters 催款函 3. Sample Letters
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
不同的付款方式；信用申请信函的内容与写作方法；催款函的主要内容和写
作方法。
第八单元 投诉、索赔与理算
Unit 8 COMPLAINTS, CLAIMS AND ADJUSTMENTS
了解投诉、索赔和理赔的前提、内容及方式。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔中的相关术语、语言特征和表达技巧。掌握投诉、索赔和理赔的信函结构，写作方法和英语常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Complaints 投诉
a) Complaint about delay
b) Complaint about broken merchandise c) Complaint about poor packing d) Complaint about missing goods
2．Claims 索赔
a) Claim about irregularity with order b) Claim about defects in merchandise
3. Adjustments 理赔
a) Granting adjustment b) Grating partial adjustment c) Refusing adjustment
4. Sample Letter Study
识记： ① 投诉的原因、投诉信函的写作目的和写作方法。
② 索赔的原因、索赔信函的写作目的和写作方法。 ③ 理赔的种类与方法，理赔信函的写作要点。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当的投诉、索赔和理赔信函。 四、本章关键问题
投诉、索赔和理赔信函写作的内容及方法。
第九单元 推销信函 Unit 9 SALES LETTERS
了解推销信函的内容、写作特点以及推销信函写作的基本结构要求。掌握推销信的内涵与功能、语言特征、文本格式、推销信常用语句。 二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Introduction
Purpose of Sales Letter Four essential elements Follow-up Letter
2．Structure and Writing Suggestions
a) Opening b) Body c) Closing 3. Sample Letter.
4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①推销信函的类型和功能；
②推销信函的结构特征；
③推销信函的写作技巧和常用语句。
应用：根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的推销信函。 四、本章关键问题
推销信函的基本要素和功能，销售信函的写作方法，推销信函常用语句。
第十单元 求职信与求职简历
Unit 10 JOB APPLICATION AND RESUME
了解写作求职信和求职简历的主要内容、格式规范等基本要求，掌握求职信和求职简历以及与求职相关的信函写作方法，信函结构和语言特征，掌握英文求
职信函常用语句。
二、课程内容（考试内容） 1．Application Letters
What is a good application letter?
a) Attract the reader’s attention
b) Interest the reader in you as a prospective employee. c) Make the reader want to hire you d) Lead to a personal interview
Writing Suggestions Sample Letters 2．Resume
Formats and Contents Samples
3. Letters of Reference and Recommendation 4. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①求职信的写作目的与主要内容；
②求职简历的内容构成和常见格式； ③求职信函常用语句。
应用： ①写作语法正确，格式规范的个人简历；
②写作格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、有说服力的求职信函。
四、本章关键问题
求职信的写作目的与主要内容，求职简历的内容构成和常见格式。
第十一单元 社交信
Unit 11 SOCIAL BUSINESS LETTERS
一、学习目的与要
了解常用社交信函的写作目的和类型，社交信函的功能以及基本要求。了解致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、请柬、公告、慰问信等的写作方法。掌握商务社交信
函的范畴、语言特征、文本格式、国际通行的社交惯例、常用社交信函用语。 二、课程内容
1. Letter of Thanks （致谢信） Writing Suggestions
Sample Letter
2. Letter of Congratulations （祝贺信）
Writing Suggestions Sample Letter
3. Invitations （邀请信、请柬） Formal Invitation Informal Invitation 4. Announcements （公告）
5. Letter of Condolence or Sympathy （吊唁或慰问信）
6. Useful Sentences and Expressions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 识记： ①致谢信；
②祝贺信； ③邀请信和请柬； ④社交信函常用语句。
应用： 根据要求写出格式正确、信息完整、语言清晰简洁、语气适当，体现社交礼仪的商务社交信函（致谢信、祝贺信、邀请信和请柬）。 四、本章关键问题
商务社交信函的类型与功能，各种社交信函的写法，语言特征，格式规范。
第十二单元 备忘录和会议记录 Unit 12 MEMOS AND MINUTES
了解备忘录或便函，会议记录的功能，了解其内涵、特点、要素、使用范围。掌握备忘录和会议记录的规范格式和写作基本要求，掌握备忘录和会议记录的写作方法。 二、课程内容
1．Interoffice Memos 备忘录 (便函)
The Purpose of Writing a Memo Memo Format Organization of Memo Sample Memos Writing Suggestions 2．Minutes 会议记录
Writing Suggestions Sample Minutes 三、考核知识点与考核要求
识记： ①备忘录的格式，组成部分，语言特点；
②会议记录的格式和构成部分； ③备忘录与会议记录常用语。
应用：写作格式规范、语言简洁、内容完整的备忘录和会议记录。 四、本单元关键问题
备忘录或商务便函和会议记录的功能、特点、要素、使用范围、文本格式和写作方法。
第十三单元 报告
Unit 13 BUSINESS REPORTS
了解商业报告的特点，了解商务报告的不同类型和结构，区分信息式报告和分析式报告，了解正式报告和非正式报告的构成要素及其差别。掌握商业报告写作的方法和基本结构要求，掌握英文商务报告常用语句。
二、课程内容
1．The Parts of a Report 报告的组成部分
Memo or letter of transmission Table of contents
List of tables and illustration Acknowledgements Summary Body of the report Recommendations Appendixes
2．Kinds of Report 报告的类型
Informational report Analytical report
3. Formats of Reports 报告的格式
Report in memo form Report in letter form Short informal report Long formal report
4. Writing Suggestions 三、考核知识点与考核要求 本单元不作为考核内容。 四、本章关键问题
商务报告的主要类型和文本特征。
Ⅳ 关于大纲的说明与考核实施要求
一、自学考试大纲的目的和作用
课程自学考试大纲是根据专业自学考试计划的要求，结合自学考试的特点而确定。其目的是对个人自学、社会助学和课程考试命题进行指导和规定。
课程自学考试大纲明确了课程学习的内容以及深广度，规定了课程自学考试的范围和标准。因此，它是编写自学考试教材和辅导书的依据，是社会助学组织
进行自学辅导的依据，是自学者学习教材、掌握课程内容知识范围和程度的依据，也是进行自学考试命题的依据。
二、课程自学考试大纲与教材的关系
课程自学考试大纲是进行学习和考核的依据，教材是学习掌握课程知识的基本内容与范围，教材的内容是大纲所规定的课程知识和内容的扩展与发挥。课程内容在教材中可以体现一定的深度或难度，但在大纲中对考核的要求一定要适当。
大纲与教材所体现的课程内容应基本一致；大纲里面的课程内容和考核知识点，教材里一般也要有。反过来教材里有的内容，大纲里就不一定体现。（注：如果教材是推荐选用的，其中有的内容与大纲要求不一致的地方，应以大纲规定为准。）
三、关于自学教材
《新编商务英语写作教程》，王晓英、杨靖主编，东南大学出版社，版。
四、关于自学要求和自学方法的指导
本大纲的课程基本要求是依据专业考试计划和专业培养目标而确定的。课程基本要求还明确了课程的基本内容，以及对基本内容掌握的程度。基本要求中的知识点构成了课程内容的主体部分。因此，课程基本内容掌握程度、课程考核知识点是高等教育自学考试考核的主要内容。
为有效地指导个人自学和社会助学，本大纲已指明了课程的重点和难点，在章节的基本要求中一般也指明了章节内容的重点和难点。
四、自学方法指导
1、在开始阅读指定教材某一单元之前，先翻阅大纲中有关这一单元的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标，以便在阅读教材时做到心中有数，有的放矢。
2、阅读教材时，要逐段细读，逐句推敲，集中精力，吃透每一个知识点，对基本概念必须深刻理解，对基本理论必须彻底弄清，对基本方法必须牢固掌握。 3、在自学过程中，既要思考问题，也要做好阅读笔记，把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理，这可从中加深对问题的认知、理解和记忆，以利于突出
重点，并涵盖整个内容，可以不断提高自学能力。
4、完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识，培养分析问题、解决问题及提高能力的重要环节，在做练习之前，应认真阅读教材，按考核目标所要求的不同层次，掌握教材内容，在练习过程中对所学知识进行合理的.回顾与发挥，注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析，解题时应注意培养逻辑性，
针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次（步骤）分明的论述或推导，明确各层次（步骤）间的逻辑关系。 五、应考指导
1. 如何学习
My Family
My name is Claire and I’m in my fourteen years old. I live a happy life because I have a warm and harmonious family.
There are four people in my family. They are my parents、my elder brother and me. My parents both are teachers so that my brother and I have been well educated. I am four years younger than my brother who always cares much about me. We have a good relationship, though we quarrel and even fight sometimes. Actually, I am likely to consider it as a sign of love.
In one word, I really love my family. How about yours?
8、 广告
彼得的服装店开张了。请根据提示写一则广告。
Come to, T-shirts ($5, in all colors), sweaters ($17, orange), shoes ($12, green), cheap
Come to Peter's Clothing Store. Do you like T-shirts? Do you like them cheap? We have T-shirts in all colors at $5 each. Do you need sweaters and shoes? We have orange sweaters for just $17! And green shoes for just $12. And that's not all. Can you believe it? Come down to Peter's and see for yourself!
【篇首句】引起注意。
1. Hello, everybody/everyone.
2. Ladies and gentlemen.
3. May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
请注意，好吗?我要通知一件事情。
4. Attention, please! I have something important to tell you.
请注意!我有重要的事情要告诉你们。
(此步句型虽少，但都是精华哦!)
【篇中句】主要内容。
1. There will be a party/speech/contest held by the English Department in the hall of the library on Saturday evening.
周六晚上，在图书馆大厅，英语系将会举行一场聚会/演讲/比赛。
2. In order to welcome our friends from the United States, the Student Union will organize a party in the school hall on Saturday evening, August 15.
为了欢迎我们来自美国的朋友，学生会将会在8月15号星期六晚上组织一场聚会。
3. Our school has decided to hold an activity to climb Xiangshan Hill this Sunday.
我们学校决定这周六组织去爬香山。
4. It will begin at 5 pm and last about two hours.
它将在下午5点开始，持续大约2个小时。
5. The school will arrange several buses to take us there.
学校会安排几辆公交车带我们去那里。
6. There will colourful activities then, such as singing, dancing, exchanging gifts with one another and so on.
到时会有丰富多彩的活动，比如唱歌、跳舞、互换礼物等等。
【篇尾句】要求/邀请参加+注意事项。
1. Those who are interested in the activity are welcom.
欢迎对此活动感兴趣的人参加。
2. Those who want to take part in it please sign up at the Student Union.
想要参加的人请在学生会报名。
3. Please come and join in it. Everyone is welcom to attend it.
请来参加。每个人都是受欢迎的。
4. Remember to take your hats and gloves.
记得带上你的帽子和手套。
5. Remember that we are required hats and water.
记得我们被要求带帽子和水。
6. Please come on time and don’t be late.
请准时到来，不要迟到。
(1)你怎样得知David的愿望;
(2)你愿意成为他的朋友;
(3)你打算如何帮助他;
(4)你盼望他的回复。
注意：(1)电子邮件的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数;(2)词数：100左右。
I've learned__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
【猜题理由】交友话题为学生熟知，也符合当前对学生的情感教育方向。利用此话题加强学生英语交际能力的培养，较好地体现了“语境生活化、任务真实性、行为个性化”的设计特点。
【构思点拨】该命题属于应用文，需符合电子邮件的格式要求。在写作过程中要抓住要点提示，做到不遗漏、不重复，并注意保持书信语言的简洁性和精炼性。
【参考范文】
I've learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture. I'm glad that you show such great interest in China and I would like to be your friend.
I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture. When you have an opportunity to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest. Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can. How do you think?
I'm looking forward to your reply .
亲爱的戴维，
4、 书信:
根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。
I'm glad to hear that you will come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It is difficult for you because it is quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It is also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you will learn Chinese well.
英语作文题目:电子邮件
Dear Sir，
I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone-S250 I bought on 20th Apr. at Tele Mall in Wuhan, days after that, it didnt ring and send short messages. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long? Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.
Thank you for your consideration.
3、 感谢信
Jenny 邀请Jane在星期一参加生日晚会。但是Jane 那天晚上要参加数学考试，没时间去。请帮Jane写一封信表示感谢，她同时送上一份礼物，以示祝贺。时间是5月20日。
May20th,
Dear Jenny,
I'm glad to hear your good news. Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. But I'm afraid I can't come. Because I'll have a math exam on Monday evening. Here is a gift for you. I hope you will love it.
Happy birthday!
Jane
《英语应用文写作》书信格式
full block (齐头式) AmE.
Guo Qiang (Stamp)
Foreign Languages Department
Shaoguan University
Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, 51
Prof. Chongmin Wong
Department of Applied Linguistics
Southern Rhode Island University
Besachpoint, RI 12901
indented form (缩行式) BrE.
Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, 512005
1．组成:
Heading 信头
Inside Address 信内地址(多用于公务,商业信件)
Salutation 称呼
Body of Letter 信的正文
Complimentary Close 结束语
Signature 签名
Enclosure 附件
Postscript 再启
Superscription 信封的写法
其中信头到签名是主要部分
2.书信各部分格式
①信头
包括地址,电话号码,电子函件号码,电传号码,电报号码等以及发信日期.位置在信纸的右上角,可以从靠近信纸的中央写起.先写发信人地址,后写日期.地址按由小到大的规则.日期即可月,日,年,又可日,月,年.
②信内地址
即收信人的姓名,职务,地址.按英,美习惯,凡属公务商洽或商业往来的信件,都必须有此内容.而写给亲友,熟人的信件则可省.它位于信纸左侧低于信头一二行处.顶格写,其顺序可先写职位姓名,再写地址.
③称 呼
即收信人的称呼.写于信内地址下一二行处.在左侧顶格写.最常用的称呼有:Dear+姓名,或Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Miss+姓.
④信的正文
即信的内容.位于收信人称呼下方,隔两行.在左称呼对齐处后移3—5个字母处开头.另起段时与第一行对齐.但第一段亦可顶格,而以下各段则要留空格.一封好的英文书信的标准是:内容清楚,语言简练,谦虚礼貌.
⑤结束语
写信人对收信人的谦称即客套语.结束语在正文下两三行的位置.大都从信纸中间写起.第一个字母要大写,末尾用逗号.在非正式的社交信中常用Yours sincerely.若收信人是亲密朋友,可用Yours, Yours truly, Sincerely等.
⑥签 名
即写信人署名.位置在结束语下面,偏向右下角.
⑦附 件
如果书信还有附件,应在签名下方左下角注明Encl.或Enc.: Invoices 4(附发票四张),Encl.: Name- list of students (附学生名单一份).
⑧再 启
补叙遗漏的话.常以P. S缩写形式出现.写于信笺的左下角.比较正式的信件最好少用或不用.
⑨信 封
信封左上角写发信人姓名和地址.收信人姓名,地址要居信封中央(或稍右),上边比下边多空些.每行末尾最好不用标点.要注意与信纸里的地址写法一致.
⑩Z字形折信
四 事务信函(Business Letters)
事务信函概述
不同的事务信函要达到的目的各不相同，例如求职信、拒聘信、
询问信、投诉信等等。事务信函书写的好坏关系到事务洽谈的成败。因此，写事务信函时，要具有高超的驾驭语言的.能力，按固定格式写。
事务信函的格式由八个部分构成：
发信人公司名称和地址（信头）；收信人公司名称和地址（信内地址）；称呼；信体；结束语；落款；发文编号；附言.
● 信头包括发信人所在单位的名称、地址、邮政编码、电话、电传、电子邮件信箱及发信日期，写在信纸的右上方。
● 信内地址包括收信人所在单位的名称或收信人的地址，必须同左边的空白处取齐，与信头间隔二行至四行的距离为佳。
● 书信开头客气称呼的方式取决于写信人与收信人之间的关系。规范的称呼通常是：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Miss Green, Dear Mrs. Brown, Dear Ms. Jane，Gentlemen。
● 信的主体可由一段或多段组成，全从左边空白处写起或缩行二个字母至四个字母的距离。
● 常用的书信结尾有：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours cordially, Yours respectfully。
● 贸易关系用：Yours truly, Yours sincerely
【篇首句】说明写信目的。
1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.
很遗憾听说你在适应新学校方面有困难。这样的问题是很正常的。可能下面的建议会有一些帮助。
2. I have received your letter saying you plan to play a visit to China for ten days next month. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
我已经收到了你的来信。信上说你打算下个月来参观中国十天。可能下面的建议对你是有帮助的。
3. I'm writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to attract more clients(顾客).
我给你写信是想说明一下我对于进一步改善我们旅馆的一些想法，以吸引更多顾客。
4. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
5. I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life. Here are a few suggestions.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。下面是我的一些建议。
6. I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
很高兴收到你的电子邮件。现在，关于如何在高中学好英语，我写信给你一些建议。
【篇中句】介绍详情、提出具体建议。
1. I'd like to suggest that...
我想要建议......
2. In my opinion,...
在我看来，......
3. If I were you, I would...
如果我是你，我会......
4. You'd better do.../not do...
你最好/最好不......
5. It's necessary for you to read some books about these places before you come to see them with your own eyes. With more knowledge about these places, you will have a better understanding of Chinese history and culture.
在你来亲眼看到这些地方之前，你 有必要读一些关于这些地方的书。有了关于这些地方更多的知识，你将会更好的理解中国的历史和文化。
6. First of all, you should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class so that you can go over your lessons as soon as you can after class.
首先，你应该认真听老师讲课。上课做好笔记，以便下课后可以及时复习。
【篇尾句】提出希望采纳建议，并祝福。
1. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：有志者事竟成。
2. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”(一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。
3. Best wishes!
(给你)最美好的祝愿!
4. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
无论如何，我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
5. I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work!
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你学习/工作好运。
6. I sincerely hope my advice will be some help for you. If there is more I can do to help, please let me know.
我真诚的希望我的建议对你有一些帮助。如果有更多我可以帮忙的，请告诉我。
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