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陈述句改比喻句练习：
（1）雨后，天空中出现了一道彩虹。
（2）月亮慢慢地从江心升起来了，圆圆的、亮晶晶的。
（3）皎洁的明月高挂在淡蓝色的天空中，月光像流水一样泻下来，大地一片银白色。
（4）春风拂着你的脸颊，使你感到舒畅，心旷神怡。
（5）云彩轻轻的漂浮在空中。
（6）西湖像一块碧玉，也像一面铜镜。
（7）星星像一双明亮的眼睛在夜空中照耀。
（8）小姑娘的心灵像棉花一样纯洁。
（9）母亲像明亮的太阳,让我心中温暖。
(10母亲像点燃的蜡烛,让我看到光明。
拟人句练习题
鸟儿在树上叫
鸟儿在树上唱歌
星星在天上闪烁
星星在天空眨眼睛
雪松的树枝被厚厚的积雪压弯了。”
改为：调皮的雪娃娃飘到雪松爷爷的身上，雪松爷爷被逗得笑弯了腰。鸟在枝头鸣叫。改为：鸟在枝头歌唱春天..
海底的动物常常发出声音。改为：海底的动物常常在一起说话.
小鹿在河边喝水。改为：小鹿站在河边喝水.
拟人句：海底的动物常常聚在一起窃窃私语。
陈述：海底的动物常常发出声音。
拟人句：春天来了，花儿张开了笑脸，尽情欢笑：小鸟放开歌喉，尽情歌唱。陈述句：春天来了，花儿开了，小鸟唧唧喳喳叫着。
蜜蜂在花间飞改为蜜蜂在花的海洋中翩翩起舞
一头大狮子蹲着改为一头大狮子盘腿坐着.
小木船划走了改为小木船高兴地游走了
花儿随风摇摆
花儿在风中舞蹈
小溪哗啦啦地流
小溪唱着欢快的各儿往前跑去
雨水淋在树上,树叶沙沙作响
调皮的雨滴搔大树的痒痒,使大树乐得浑身颤抖
啄木鸟在啄树皮里的虫
啄木鸟医生在为大树看病
蝴蝶在花丛中飞来飞去.
蝴蝶在花丛中翩翩起舞.
月亮挂在天空；眉毛似的月亮挂在天空。
小河哗啦啦地流。小河快乐的游着，哗啦啦得响
With the introduction of a relaxed teaching atmosphere, it is acceptable for students to interrupt teachers and drink water in class, go to the bathroom during class and choose which classmate to sit next to. Which one do you prefer, the class rights or the former strict discipline? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Sample 1
I Agree With Class Rights
As a student having received many years of education, I’m both nicely surprised and gratified by the term“class rights”. This educational concept challenges the traditional education rules, and can be considered as a revolution in classroom teaching. And my favor goes to the abandoning of previous rigid disciplines.
First of all, class rights actually cater to natural physiological needs and basic legal rights of learners. Students’ drinking water and going to bathroom during class used to be denied due to class disciplines previously adopted. And this practice is against human rights, according to western educators. It can be regarded as an improvement that we have taken care of these basic human needs. Schools and teachers used to stress students’ obligations to observe school regulations, but tend to ignore their class rights. Students, though young in age, are inalienable part of human, it was unreasonable for them to have obligations but no rights.
Secondly, the classroom is not only a place for knowledge transfer, but also a place of humanity education. As independent individuals, children should be respected in class. Only when their status as human individuals is valued, can they grow up healthily in a sound educational environment. The caring for class rights implies the principle of equality, democracy and mutual respect, thus encouraging the students’ thinking and stimulating their creativity. Therefore, old-fashioned school discipline can no longer keep up with current situation. Respecting students’ class rights means not only permitting them to drink water or go to bathroom during class, but also encourage them to think, to speak out, to practice what is learned, to communicate and to give them enough opportunities to express themselves. They can question what teachers teach, make their options in doing teachers’ assignment, or refuse to answer teachers’ questions in class. In this way, they can fully enjoy their school experience.
Whether the class rights are scientific or not, the move itself is valuable and significant. If these class rights can be translated into legislation and become legal principle, then students’ rights would be well protected. The education circle should not only recognize these class rights, but also put them into actual practice.
初二叙事作文:饭桌上的'故事饭桌上的故事
我有许多难忘的事，而其中最难忘的一件事情，却是发生在饭桌上的故事。记得在我上一年级的时候，每个星期三都要上一节长达三小时的英语辅导课，所以每次上完英语课回家，我的肚子就会饿得咕咕叫。
那个星期三也不例外，我一回到家，就听到自己的肚子在打鼓了。于是，我急急忙忙放下沉重的书包，奔到饭桌前拿起筷子吃起菜来。我夹起了一大块平时最爱吃的糖醋鱼，咬了一大口，禁不住称赞道：“真是太好吃了！”疼爱我的奶奶嘱咐道：“小心点！要是被鱼刺卡到喉咙里就糟糕了！”奶奶话音刚落，我就觉得自己的喉咙被什么东西卡住了，每咽下一口水都很疼。我又惊又急地想：奶奶怎么说得那么准呀，我好像真被鱼刺卡着了！见我的眼睛瞪得一只大一只小的，奶奶很奇怪地问我：“你这是怎么了？”我怕奶奶担心，就忍痛挤出两个字：“没……事！”可是细心的奶奶还是发现了问题，问我：“是被鱼刺卡住了？糟了！”她急忙夹了许多青菜给我，叫我大口吃下去。可是我吃了几口青菜之后还是很痛，这时奶奶也急了，眼里还闪着泪花。我忍住痛，突然想起以前在电视上看到的方法，大声说：“喝醋！我在电视上看到有人被卡了鱼刺后都是这样解决的！”奶奶经我一提醒，连忙给我倒了一小碗醋来。我一口气把它喝了下去。过了几分钟后，喉咙中的刺痛感慢慢消失了。
经过这件事，我明白了吃鱼时要细心，这道理还不仅体现在吃鱼这件事上，不管做任何事都要仔细、小心，这是我从饭桌上得到的教训和启示。
Traffic congestions are a headache in many cities across the country as a result of rapid increase of private cars. Therefore, some people suggest that a limit be put on the number of private cars. Do you agree or disagree with such a proposal? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic：
Should We Put a Limit on Private Cars?
A Limit Should Not Be Put on Private Cars
Owing to economic development and improvement in living standards of common people, more and more private cars are on road. Some believe private cars have brought convenience and mobility to the owners while others argue that private automobiles deserve a limit on the increasing number. As far as I see it, we should not put a limit on private cars.
First of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom and wealth. The private car has given us a freedom and convenience our ancestors could not dream of. We can travel to relatively remote places that it is hard to reach on foot or public transport rarely goes to. A car enables an individual or a family to travel at any time they wish. With a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the bitterly cold or under the scorching sun. Furthermore a car can serve as a symbol of one’s wealth, which makes him or her proud of his or her accomplishments and glorious past.
Secondly, a car can make our work more efficient and life more convenient. Nowadays many Chinese can enjoy the comfort and luxury of owning a private car. Having a car of one’s own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains; no more waste of time for waiting at the bus stop or train station. With a car one does not have to worry about the possible danger their child suffers when they are elbowing their way through the crowd, instead they can drop off the children at school on the way to work. In the case of illness, the car takes its owner or other sick person to hospital without any delay.
Last but not least, lifting bans on private cars will stimulate the automobile industry, which provides jobs for a large team of workers. Known as a sunrise industry, Chinese automobile industry needs strong and continuous fueling from domestic demand. If more people buy cars, the industry will embrace continued growth, thus contributing more to the national economy. Moreover, its growth will trigger the boom of related industries like iron and steel production and energy.
In conclusion, the advantages of private cars convince us that we should not put a limit on the number of private cars. What we should do at the moment is to perfect the transport infrastructure to ensure private cars to go faster and more safely.
Learn English in an English-speaking Country
As economic globalization accelerates, language plays a vital role in cross-boundary communication. An international language like English is inevitably popular among language learners all over the world. And there is a widespread concern whether or not to go abroad for one's English study. To me the answer is undoubtedly a yes, since it provides a chance not only to learn the language, but also to understand the culture.
First of all, going to an English-speaking country is a better way to create an ideal language-learning environment. As it is said, when in Rome, do as Romans do. Thus it can be inferred that a better way to learn how Romans behave is to go to Rome and observe their way of life. It is also true with English study. In an English-speaking country, one is likely to be exposed to more chances to communicate with native speakers rather than being confined to book knowledge only. On his stay in London, a student will have a taste of royal English himself, thus it is easier for him to improve his pronunciation and intonation through imitation. Surrounded by native speakers, a language learner will also find it very helpful in improving other skills like speaking, reading and writing.
Moreover, a student going abroad not only enhances their language proficiency but also comes into direct interplay with a new culture, which is an integral part of language study. Some linguists maintain that one cannot fully grasp a language unless he knows about the culture profoundly, for language is only a medium to conduct communication. Thus living with English-speaking people, one can obtain a vivid first-hand understanding of some idioms, slang and the cultural background And this personal experience will be very difficult to achieve-whatever abundant study resources can be accessed to domestically. By chatting with native speakers in daily life, students can gain an insight in the culture.
Judging from all the analysis above, we may safely come to such a conclusion that going to an English-speaking country is advantageous for English learners. A study experience abroad is such a practice to double the achievements with half the efforts. Fully utilizing the chance to get a deeper involvement in the exotic culture, students may become real masters of English.
With the continued growth of online teaching systems and integration of massive open online courses (MOOCS) into higher education, college study will never be the same for both professors and students. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:
1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;
2. give your comment.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
对文章中的语法、用词、拼写、标点和大小写都要一一检查，甚至还要对文章内容或字数的不足进行补救。这一步骤不但在正式考试中不能忽略，而且在平时的写作训练中也要引起重视，养成习惯。
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With the development of globalization, there are an increasing number of scholars these days who hold the opinion that we need a common language to be spoken by all the people in the world. However, other scholars are afraid that this will weaken other languages and cultures at the same time. As for me, I am not in favor of the viewpoint that one language should replace others as the universal one.
Nowadays it is universally acknowledged that language is not only a tool of communication but also a kind of art. Each language, no matter what kind of language it is, has its unique pronunciation, grammar and expressions, which contribute to the diversity of the world. Therefore, if the diverse languages are diminished, our world will become less colorful.
We can say that language is part of culture, and plays a considerably important role in culture. Indeed, some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, so the argument goes, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Cultures differ from one another, and each culture is unique. There is no denying that it will be a disaster for us to see the world's diverse cultures disappear one by one.
When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that although we are convinced that, no matter what our career choice is, a command of foreign languages is an important skill to acquire, yet we should protect our own language, the carrier of our culture.
Help my mom with the the housework Last Sunday ,I helped my mom do the housework . First my mom asked me to take out the trash. At the same time ,my mom cleaned the living room . Then I made my bed .And my mom cleaned the bedroom .Finally ,the room got very tidy and cleam .But we all got very angry ,mom cooked a delicious meal for me !What a fantastic day it was ! My birsthday's plan Next month. I will be 14 years old.
On my birthday, I will stay with my family. We will have a lot of things to do. We are going to watch films, play in a park and have dinner in a restaurant. My parents will buy me a new shirt and I am going to wear it on that day. There will be a new film. My birthday is on Sunday. Many people will go to parks on that day. So, it is going to be fun. But my grandfather will not come, because he will be busy on the day. Anyway, I hope my birthday will come soon. It is going to be a nice day
Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision. It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life. Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it,“And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated. This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life. First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.
No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission. And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness. Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome. John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature. In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials. Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller. It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon. Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction. If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others. Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon. It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland. However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan. Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom. To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves. A poet says: life can be bad; life can be good; life can be dirty; life can be sad,; life can even be painful. In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition.
Although the grand ceremony of Oscar was over this year, the attention and discussion linger in the Chinese movie munity and out. Some insiders hold that following global trends is the only way to develop China’s film industry. Others insist, however, that the Oscars are simply one the many awards that Americans like to crown themselves. Domestic films should maintain their distinct flavors. As a movie fan myself, I think we should strive for it to gain international recognition.
Firstly, the Oscars Award is an international recognition in terms of both artistic performance and box office revenue. With live broadcast in 50 languages, it plays a huge role in shaping the global film industry. It is no wonder that so many people around the world pay much attention to it. The reality is that Hollywood movies account for more than 90 percent of global market shares-this has inevitable worldwide impact. Obviously, the Oscars Award has bee something that we can not afford to ignore it.
Moreover, we live in a global, multicultural world where different cultures interact. China’s movie industry needs to realize it and sharpen its petitive edge. If Chinese films are to make a global impact, then movie production, distribution and marketing organization need improving. Chinese films should adjust to satisfy the variety of social demands. The introduction of foreign successful formulas and technology is a must for Chinese film industry. It is parochial to think that China can only use its national characteristics to define domestic movies. Conservatism will hinder the progress of film industry. If China does not develop its film industry through embracing innovative multiculturalism, Chinese movies will have little opportunity to gain a share in the international market.
Last but not least, the Hollywood films also conform to specific cultural demands. Take this year’s Academy Awards as an example, nominated movies include both high-cost productions like The Lord of the Rings and subtle, more moderate budgeted projects like Lost in Translation, these films suggest that Hollywood movies maintain a basic balance in keeping the style of its own and absorbing diverse cultures. Hence, the Chinese filmmakers should spare no efforts to present original domestic films to foreign viewers. We will be left behind if we stick to the so-called orthodox. For instance, Couching Tiger Hidden Dragon was acted by Chinese actors and through cultural icons, but actually its style and structure of the movie all conform to a Hollywood formula. This partly explains why it appeals to a wider range of audiences from different cultural background.
In a word, the Oscars are very important to Chinese filmmakers. Nominations are a kind of approval by international peers of their achievements. As China’s market improves, its movie industry will get stronger and will eventually cash in on the Oscars.
记叙文作文题目精选（120个）
作文题目
⒈《——是一道靓丽的风景线》
⒉《——，我永远的天空》
⒊《都是——惹的祸》
⒋《笑傲——》
⒌《生活需要——》
⒍《何以解忧，惟有——》
⒎《假如我是——》
⒏《告诉你，我很——》
⒐《我眼中的——》
⒑《生活需要——》
⒒《——在我的身边》
⒓《——也是一种美》
⒔《——是最美的行囊》
⒕《与——同行》
⒖《——伴我成长》
⒗《——三步曲》
⒘《——和我有个约会》
⒙《我发现——》
⒚《真想做个——》
⒛《世上只有——》
21．《我——故我在》
22．《永远的——》
23.《——，我恨你》
24.《——，做我自己》
25.《——的风波》
26.《我和——的距离》
27.《——着并快乐着》
28.《给自己找个——》
29.《永远说——》
30.《那一次，我——》
31.《——不同情眼泪》
32.《带上——上路》
33.《我与——面对面》
34.《——是一盏明灯》
35.《那段——的日子》
36.《一个——的心灵独白》
37.《——，让我欢喜让我忧》
38.《爱上——》
39.《欣赏——》
40.《
我眼里的——》
41.《那—那—那—》
42.《想起——》
43.《———的遐想》
44.《第一次——》
45.《给心情涂上——》
46.《人生路上——多》
47.《——，我的最爱》
48.《——的故事》
49.《——是一种养分》
50.《那年，我——》
51.《和——赛跑》
52.《我——，我——》
53.《有——才有远方》
54.《——在，梦就在》
55.《还有多少——可以重来》
56.《明天，我——》
57.《我的——我做主》
58.《——，是这样炼成的》
59.《不想——》
60.《将——进行到底》
61.《人生没有——》
62.《——是一瞬间的事》
63.《有一种——叫成功》
64.《——伴我少年行》
65.《带上——上路》
66.《——是一首歌》
67.《——是一种美丽的痛》
68.《——的回忆》
69.《有——陪伴的日子》
70.《——，没有什么不可以》
71.《与——一起走过》
72.《——，让我欢喜让我忧》
73.《拒绝——》
74.《让——为——着色》
75.《我——故我在》
76.《——，妙不可言》
77.《读懂——》
78.《我总是——》
79.《——一族的幸福生活》
80.《——拍卖会》
81.《——永不下岗》
82.《那次，我与——擦肩而过》
83.《——在我胸》
84.《——是一种牵挂》
85.《
——带给我的快乐》
86.《——也是一种享受》
87.《——让我如此美丽》
88.《——，其实你不懂我的心》
89.《最近比较——》
90.《将——进行到底》
91.《——，我的最爱》
92.《下辈子我做——》
93.《谁都可以——》
94.《——是金》
95.《拿什么拯救你，我的——》
96.《怎一个“—”字了得》
97.《——拍卖会》
98.《留些诚信给自己取暖》、
99.《敬畏——》
100.《——不需要理由》101.我难忘的_____
102.假如我能_____
103.我想对_____说
104.我的梦想
105.生活需要_____
106.教养是一种____
107.生活教给你____
108.我劝_____
109.我家的喜事
就是这么简单111、初中，一首难忘的歌112、与你在一起
113、课间花絮
114、我的心事我知道115、打开窗子好心情116、“猪头”班标趣事
117、写给xx的信
118、期待秋天
119、故事发生在我们小组120、我与伙伴
121、青春作伴好飞翔
一、说明文基本知识
1、概念：说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。或说明事物的特征，或阐明事理，目的是给人以知识。
2、与其它文体的区别：议论文以理服人，哲理性是它的主要特点；记叙文以情感人，形象性是它的主要特点；说明文以知授人，知识性是它的主要特点。 3、说明文的分类
a.说明对象与说明目的的不同： 事物说明文和事理说明文。事物说明文旨在介绍某一事物的形体特征；事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地。
b.根据说明语言的不同特色的不同：平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种。生动的`说明文又叫文艺性说明文（科学小品或知识小品）。 事物说明文：如《苏州园林》，说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。
事理说明文：如《海不》，科学的说明了海不的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。 二、说明文阅读一般涉及11种题型： 1.对说明对象的把握。
如果是事物说明文，被说明的事物既是说明对象，事物说明文一般标题就是说明的对象；如果是事理说明文，说明对象则是对象加特征，答案形成一个短语：介绍了??的??。如：《看云识天气》，介绍了云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。
事理说明文找准开头结尾的总结句。
因为说明对象是一篇文章所要介绍的事物或事理，一般是一个名词或名词短语，可以从两个方面入手：一看文题，二看首尾段。
答题技法：其一，要看懂题目，不少说明文题目本身就表示说明对象，如《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。
其二，抓住首括句和中心句。说明文往往需要运用首括句和中心句来提示说明重点，包括说明事物的特征。反之，如果需要为说明文的语段加一个标题，也可以用说明对象作为标题。
事物说明文指出被说明事物即可。事理说明文指出说明内容，形成一个短语：介绍了??的??(对象加内容 。例：《看云识天气》介绍云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。 2、被说明事物的特征：
答题技法：尽量从原文中找原词原句，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。 例：《中国石拱桥》三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。 3、说明方法：
a、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、
列图表、引用说明。
b、常见说明方法的作用：
①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。
②、分类别：条理清楚地说明了事物的××特点。对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。
③、作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。
④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。下定义与作诠释的区别是：定义要求完整，而诠释并不要求完整，对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。可以颠倒。
⑤、打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理，增强了文章的趣味性。
⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。 ⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。
⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。
⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。
⑩、引资料：能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。用引用的方法说明事物的特征，增强说服力
A、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。
B、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。（在文章开头引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻叙述故事，其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣，或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事，往往是为了增强说明文的可读性，同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。） 4、说明顺序
a.时间顺序：即以事物发生、发展的时间先后来安排说明顺序，从而写出事物的发展变化情况。这种顺序一般用于人物的生平介绍、科学观察记录，说明事物或事理发生、发展或制作过程一类的说明文。
b.空间顺序：即按照事物的空间存在形式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从前到后，或由远及近依次进行说明。这种说明顺序，一般用于说明事物的形状、构造特征。
c.逻辑顺序；即按照事物或事理的内部联系成人们认识事物的过程来安排说明顺序。由总到分（或由分而总）、由主而次、由现象到本质、由原因到结果、从特点到用途(或从用途到特点、由个别到一般（或由一般到个别）、从概括到具体(或从具体到概括、由抽象到具体、由整体到局部（或由局部到具体）等。
说明建筑物、景点等通常按照空间顺序说明。介绍事物各阶段的特点或制作过程时，往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理时，则往往需要采用逻辑顺序。
这几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文，此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多，故多用逻辑顺序。
5、段意概括：
句式：说明了??介绍了??
方法：找中心句；结合本段说明特征概括，摘要联合，结合标点，尤其注意分号，认真提炼。 6、“这样”的指代义：指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。 7、段落语句顺序：
为什么不能调换段落顺序？
不能调换：原文采用由??到??的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。 《向沙漠进军》5、6段照应上文游击战、阵地战顺序。 总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。《看云识天气》 8、说明语言：
——准确（科学性）：特别要注意说明文中使用的术语和修饰限制性的词语，它们往往体现了说明语言的准确性。
——生动（趣味性）：运用了描写的表达方式，或引用了故事、传说、谜语、诗句等。类型1、加点字词有何作用？抓住说明文语言准确这一特点答题。对策：答：准确/生动形象/ 地说明了事物“??”的特征/事理。 类型2、能否替换为另一个词语？并说明理由。对策：答：（1）不可以。 （2）原词的意思或内容。
（3）所换词语的意思或内容。 （4）换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。
类型3、限制性词语能否删去？
对策：
答：（1）表态（删还是不删）。
（2）定性。如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞；“大约”“可能”“左 右”
等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。在原句中表示什么意思。
（3）若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了，不符合实际，太绝对了。（4）xx词体现了语言的准确 性、周密性、科学性。
类型4、从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句，并体会。
类型5：指代——“这些条件”、“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么。
对策：一般指的就是代词前面的那句话，找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句
话，而是其中的一部分。
9、说明文的结构。
说明文的结构方式：
a.总分式结构：““总—分—总”式、总（概括）—分（具体）”式、“分—总”式。 b.递进式结构：着重分析各层意思是怎样逐步深入展开的，是由现象到本质、个别到一般、结果到原因等等。 c.并列式。
10、考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息，对段落的内容进行归纳；对全文要点进行
概括。
技法：认真仔细阅读原文，一般都能从原文中找到答案。
11、近几年，开放性试题以它答案的多元性和不唯一性成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要形式。这类试题大概从以下方面考查：（1）对说明内容进行创新性的表述。
（2）对某种现象发表自己独特的看法和见解。（3）结合实际对某个问题谈自己的认识。
（4）根据文章内容进行合理性的推断和大胆想象。
（5）由文章内容延伸到现实生活，对现实生活中相关现象进行解释。
（6）对人类关注的环境问题等提出解决的方法，拟写警示性标语、建议、广告等。这种题考查的是学生的综合能力。考查的是学生对生活的关注情况。再迁移到文段中来。开放性试题，虽然没有规定唯一的答案，可以各抒己见。但在答题时要从三个角度作答：
（1）是就材料回答问题。不一定按标准答案作答，意思答对就给满分； （2）是阅读材料后，或提出自己不同的看法。或扩散联想到其它方面。
总之。这类试题不光是在训练理解能力，对答案的表述不能只靠一个符号或一个词语来完成，要写成一句或一段完整的话。在答题的同时有助于增加学生主体参与意识，扩大学生独立发表见解的余地。
三、说明文写法分析
1、结合说明方法谈 规范性的答题模式如下： 这篇文章主要运用了??的说明方法，说明了??（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明??（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用） 2、结合修辞手法谈规范性的答题模式如下： 这是一篇生动地说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，
说明了??（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。 3、结合表达方式谈 记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒情、议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，答题的规范性格式如下： 这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有??（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如??（具体举例），就是??（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。
四、说明语段的作用
（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文、照应开头。 有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。 （2）、结合说明方法谈。
通过??的说明方法，说明了??（事物特征或事理），使说明??（作用）
评论部分可以从两个方面来论述。
以写作样题为例，第二段阐述一方的观点或问题的一面：先给出中心句（College students now enjoy greater benefits.）然后阐述第一个原因（Firstly, thanks to modern technology, learning online gives students access to a wider range of courses.）之后展开陈述。接着阐述第二个原因（Secondly, the flexibility and mobility given by the online teaching system makes students learn at any time anywhere in their convenience.）之后展开陈述。
第三段指出问题的另一面或者另一方的观点（On the other hand, online teaching and learning is much demanding and requires students’ full commitment and independence）接着分别用admittedly和meanwhile引出online learning 的局限性。如果有反方观点的话，可以先陈述反方观点的合理性，然后驳斥反方观点的不合理性。
感动，无须言语的华美词句来修饰，无须眼泪的晶莹来映衬，需要的是颗真诚的心来感应。了感动，便领悟了深刻的哲理，品味了生活的真谛。即使并非眼泪哗哗直下的那种感动，心也一样受到了莫大的震动，理解了更多。
人，总是在群体中生活着。世界是充满竞争与挣扎的世界，也是弥漫了人间爱意的世界。善良是大自然赋予的财富，世上每个人都活在别人的善意中。若常常静静思考与回味，心中便多了一股汩汩涌动的温泉——感动，多了一份暖暖的爱意，自然而然，便拥有了一笔更大的财富。
岁月总挥不去忧郁与沉闷。这时，何不携带沉默置身于大自然?或许平凡景象中，初绽的花儿是你的向导，高空翱翔的鸟儿是你的方向盘。当心胸舒畅时，一丝略带惊奇的感动中，就有一个深刻的哲理，一种纯真的生活意义。
寻求感动——思考母亲的唠叨，倾听朋友的心音，细细体味这份真诚的关怀和信任，忘情沉浸于那种被爱、被人理解的幸福之中。从中，能找到人间的情感和生活的真理。
有了感动，也体会感动，便有了宽以待人，有了友谊和关怀，有了欢笑和开心，也就拥有了一段精彩的人生。
首先用一句话引出写作背景。
例如，写作样题范文第一句：Modern technology has innovated the way teaching and learning can be in people’s life. （现代科技创新了人们生活中的教学方式。）
然后引出题目并概括出针对题目双方有不同的关注或者持有不同的观点：Online teaching system or platforms is a recent phenomenon and consequently it is controversial. In spite of the fact that both universities and students have embraced this new style of teaching and learning, there are still worries and concerns.（线上教学方式受到学校和学生的欢迎，同时作为一种新的教学方式，人们对它也有不同的声音。）
最后给出自己的观点：Considering both sides, it is clear that online teaching system or platforms can help students achieve higher learning effectiveness despite its drawbacks. （综合来看，这种方式尽管也有缺点，但是能够极大地提高学习者的学习效果。）
首先重申观点（In conclusion, with the greatest technological boom in education, online learning or MOOCS, is an irreversible trend.）
然后提出不能忽视问题的另一面（So, the question really is not “Which one?” but rather, “How can we combine both?” The answer is that each performs its own functions.）
最后对观点进行提升（Undoubtedly, this revolutionary practice in education will continuously have more far-reaching consequences and will dramatically reshape the nature of higher education. ）
值得注意的是，概述部分不应该太长（以不超过文章总长度的三分之一为宜），也不要大量引用材料中的句子，否则很容易失分。评论段是文章的主体部分，写作时应条理清晰，论述有据，占文章长度的三分之二左右。导语和结尾都不宜太长，简要阐明即可。
读题时, 首先需要找出题目的主题词或句（topic words or sentence）, 即题目所给出的关键信息。分清楚什么是重要信息，什么是次要信息。
以专八样题为例，题目中的college study will never be the same for both professors and students是主要信息和关键信息，其他内容是次要信息。所以文章应该论证online learning or MOOCS 会给高等教育带来哪些不同。
然后，考生必须完成题目中所提出的两项任务要求：
2. give your comment。
也就是说，既要概括双方观点，又要给出自己的评论，缺一不可。就此题目来说，概括学校 一方对线上授课或慕课平台的评价：“The University of Washington (UW) in the US isn't shy about the benefits and drawbacks of online education.”（在线教育既有不可替代的优点，也有局限性。）也要提炼出学生一方对这一方式的认识：“But for me these concerns fall flat in the face of the convenience, flexibility and independence online learning offers.”（学习者充分享受这一学习方式的便捷性、灵活性和独立性。）当然也有学生认为，在某些方面，课堂教学更有优势：“Although MOOCs are improving my learning experiences, this new form of teaching cannot compete with traditional ways of learning in terms of teacher-student interaction.”
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